Fluvalinate resistance of Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans (Acari: Varroidae) in Mediterranean apiaries of France

Colin, M.; Vandame, Rémy; Jourdam, P.; Pasquale, Sylvie Di

doi:10.1051/apido:19970605

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Several laboratory assays have been developed (e.g., Milani, 1995;Faucon et al, 1996;Colin et al, 1997;Elzen et al, 1998) and used to monitor the spread of resistant populations (Trouiller, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline in the proportion of mites resistant to fluvalinate in a population of Varroa destructor not treated with pyrethroids

Milani

Vedova

2002

Apidologie

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-The reversion of resistance to pyrethroids in Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman was studied in Friuli (northern Italy), where resistance was detected in 1995 and pyrethroids had not been used since. Mites were sampled in seven localities each year between 1997 and 2000 and assayed in the laboratory for the resistance to fluvalinate by using paraffin coated capsules. Survival at the diagnostic concentration, expected to kill all susceptible mites (200 mg/kg), decreased in all the localities by about ten times in three years, from 19-66% to 1.3-7.8%. Thus, the disadvantage associated with the resistance to pyrethroids in V. destructor is small, as usual when resistance is due to monooxygenases. Its impact on the selection of resistant mites during annual application of treatments is negligible; appreciable effects of reversion can be expected only over many generations of the mite.Varroa destructor / reversion / resistance / pyrethroids INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, populations of Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman resistant to pyrethroids have been detected in several countries (Lodesani et al., 1995;Trouiller, 1998;Elzen et al., 1998) and increasing attention has been paid to this problem. Several laboratory assays have been developed (e.g., Milani, 1995;Faucon et al., 1996;Colin et al., 1997;Elzen et al., 1998) and used to monitor the spread of resistant populations (Trouiller, 1998).The biochemical mechanism of resistance has been investigated; monooxygenases of the P450 system are involved, at least in the strain of V. destructor that originated in Italy and later spread through the Old World, while esterases do not play a significant role (Hillesheim et al., 1996;Mozes Koch et al., 2000). Fast selection and spread of resistant mites make it unlikely that resistance is polygenic; this is a general rule with insects and mites (Roush and McKenzie, 1987).Resistant genotypes usually are at some fitness disadvantage in the absence of pesticides (Roush and Daly, 1990;Denholm and Rowland, 1992), because of unbalanced or unregulated physiological processes. This makes the frequency of resistant mites decline when the acaricide is not used (a phenomenon usually called reversion). No information is available on the decrease in fitness associated with resistance to pyrethroids in V. destructor. More data on this aspect would be useful to elaborate theoretical models of the development of resistance and to develop integrated resistance 417

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline in the proportion of mites resistant to fluvalinate in a population of Varroa destructor not treated with pyrethroids

Milani

Vedova

2002

Apidologie

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“…But recent evidence of acaricide-resistant mites in Italy [18], France [6,22] and USA [4] has underscored the need to develop management practices that limit chemical resistance in mites. One way to do this is to use economic thresholds [19], that is, to treat a colony only when the mite population reaches a level at which mites are still tolerable by bees but above which there may be serious and possibly irrepara-ble harm to the colony.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic threshold for Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in the southeastern USA

Delaplane

Hood

1999

Apidologie

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-This research was designed to determine economic thresholds for Varroa jacobsoni mites in mature overwintered colonies under conditions that encourage or discourage mite immigration. Congruent data from the present study and our earlier work suggest that a true late-season (August) economic threshold for mites in the southeastern USA lies within a range of mite populations of 3 172-4 261, ether roll mite levels of 15-38, and overnight bottom board insert mite levels of 59-187 in colonies with bee populations of 24 808-33 699. Overwintering colonies can benefit from an additional early-season (February) treatment. This benefit was realized in colonies which in February had the following average values: mite populations 7-97, ether roll 0.4-2.8, bottom board inserts 0.6-10.2 and bee populations 12 606-13 500. Continuous acaricide treatment never achieved colony bee populations or brood number significantly higher than in colonies treated more conservatively. There is evidence that minimizing mite immigration has the benefit of delaying the onset of economic thresholds. © Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Paris

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“…In 1995, field trials carried out in an area in northern Italy showed that the efficacy of the commercial formulation Perizin, containing coumaphos as the active ingredient, had decreased to 36-80 % in several apiaries [12]; this raised much concern about the possible onset of resistance. In 1996, laboratory assays [9,18] showed a slight (2)(3) [22]. These losses were usually unexpected since no abnormal increase in V. jacobsoni infestation or unsatisfactory efficacy of treatments had been observed during the previous years.…”

Section: Coumaphosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other laboratory and field assays were developed later [3,6,21]. Early detection of the presence of resistant mites was crucial in reducing the economic damage [17].…”

Section: Coumaphosmentioning

confidence: 99%