Flutter Discrimination: neural codes, perception, memory and decision making

Romo, Ranulfo; Salinas, Emilio

doi:10.1038/nrn1058

Cited by 536 publications

(469 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…The issue of whether spike timing information can contribute to cortical discrimination of sensory stimuli has been controversial in the visual and somatosensory cortices (Parker and Newsome 1998;Romo and Salinas 2003). An important distinction between most previous studies of discrimination in the visual cortex and this study is that the previous studies employed stimuli with constant amplitude, e.g., motion stimuli with a fixed velocity over time, whereas this study employed stimuli with time-varying structure.…”

Section: Spike Timing Versus Firing Rates In Cortical Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Addressing this fundamental question is an important step toward understanding the relationship between cortical neural responses and perception (Parker and Newsome 1998). This question has been investigated intensively in the visual and somatosensory cortices, e.g., motion-direction discrimination in area MT (Parker and Newsome 1998) and flutter discrimination in somatosensory cortex (Romo and Salinas 2003). In the auditory system, this question has been probed extensively in the auditory periphery, e.g., intensity and frequency discrimination in the auditory nerve (Delgutte 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct Time Scales in Cortical Discrimination of Natural Sounds in Songbirds

Narayan¹,

Graña²,

Sen³

2006

Journal of Neurophysiology

120

143

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Narayan, Rajiv, Gilberto Grañ a, and Kamal Sen. Distinct time scales in cortical discrimination of natural sounds in songbirds. J Neurophysiol 96: 252-258, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01257.2005. Understanding how single cortical neurons discriminate between sensory stimuli is fundamental to providing a link between cortical neural responses and perception. The discrimination of sensory stimuli by cortical neurons has been intensively investigated in the visual and somatosensory systems. However, relatively little is known about discrimination of sounds by auditory cortical neurons. Auditory cortex plays a particularly important role in the discrimination of complex sounds, e.g., vocal communication sounds. The rich dynamic structure of such complex sounds on multiple time scales motivates two questions regarding cortical discrimination. How does discrimination depend on the temporal resolution of the cortical response? How does discrimination accuracy evolve over time? Here we investigate these questions in field L, the analogue of primary auditory cortex in zebra finches, analyzing temporal resolution and temporal integration in the discrimination of conspecific songs (songs of the bird's own species) for both anesthetized and awake subjects. We demonstrate the existence of distinct time scales for temporal resolution and temporal integration and explain how they arise from cortical neural responses to complex dynamic sounds.

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Section: Spike Timing Versus Firing Rates In Cortical Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Time Scales in Cortical Discrimination of Natural Sounds in Songbirds

Narayan¹,

Graña²,

Sen³

2006

Journal of Neurophysiology

120

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ideally, future behavioral studies that examine flutter perception in mice would be most informative. For example, Romo et al 44 have shown that primates can clearly discriminate vibrotactile stimuli ranging from 5 to 50 Hz. Single unit recordings in these animals suggest that the perception of flutter was coded Figure 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke Induces Long-Lasting Deficits in the Temporal Fidelity of Sensory Processing in the Somatosensory Cortex

Sweetnam

Brown

2012

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Recovery from stroke is rarely complete as humans and experimental animals typically show lingering deficits in sensory function. One explanation for limited recovery could be that rewired cortical networks do not process sensory stimuli with the same temporal precision as they normally would. To examine how well peri-infarct and more distant cortical networks process successive vibrotactile stimulations of the affected forepaw (a measure of temporal fidelity), we imaged cortical depolarizations with millisecond temporal resolution using voltage-sensitive dyes. In control mice, paired forepaw stimulations (ranging from 50 to 200 milliseconds apart) induced temporally distinct depolarizations in primary forelimb somatosensory (FLS1) cortex, and to a lesser extent in secondary FLS (FLS2) cortex. For mice imaged 3 months after stroke, the first forepaw stimulus reliably evoked a strong depolarization in the surviving region of FLS1 and FLS2 cortex. However, depolarizations to subsequent forepaw stimuli were significantly reduced or completely absent (for stimuli p100 milliseconds apart) in the FLS1 cortex, whereas FLS2 responses were relatively unaffected. Our data reveal that stroke induces long-lasting impairments in how well the rewired FLS1 cortex processes temporal aspects of sensory stimuli. Future therapies directed at enhancing the temporal fidelity of cortical circuits may be necessary for achieving full recovery of sensory functions.

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“…One advantage of this model is that analytic solutions exist for both of these 22,49 . The probability that the decision variable hits bound "A" first is (4) In the limit as μ approaches zero, this converges to (5) The mean time to bound "A" is (6) In the limit as μ approaches zero, this converges to (7) The mean time to bound "B" can be found by exchanging A and B in the above equations. Notice that near C=0, the decision time varies linearly as a function of C and approximately quadratically as a function of the criterion height (A+B).…”

Section: Diffusion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task

2006

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A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying decisionmaking. Recent physiological studies suggest that neurons in association areas may be involved in this process. To test this, we measured the effects of electrical microstimulation in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) while monkeys performed a reaction-time motion discrimination task with a saccadic response. In each experiment, we identified a cluster of LIP cells with overlapping response fields (RFs) and sustained activity during memory-guided saccades. Microstimulation of this cluster caused an increase in the proportion of choices to the RF of the stimulated neurons. Choices toward the stimulated RF were faster with microstimulation, while choices in the opposite direction were slower. Microstimulation never directly evoked saccades, nor did it change reaction times in a simple saccade task. These results demonstrate that the discharge of LIP neurons is causally related to decision formation on the discrimination task.Much progress has been made in understanding the neurobiology of decision-making by tracing the neural events that link sensory processing to a choice of action in monkeys 1-4 . For example, to decide whether a pattern of random dots is moving to the left or right, the brain must represent the motion information in the visual cortex, interpret this information as evidence for one or the other direction, and eventually commit to a choice, indicated by some action. Through a combination of recording, lesion, and microstimulation experiments, the activity of directionselective neurons in area MT has been shown to represent an important source of the sensory evidence upon which such a decision about direction is based [5][6][7][8] . This raises the question of how that representation is converted into a categorical decision.When performing the motion discrimination task, monkeys improve in accuracy when given more time to view the stimulus 6,9 . Furthermore, in a reaction-time version of the task, stronger motion leads to both faster and more accurate decisions 10 . These findings can be explained by a simple mechanism whereby momentary sensory evidence is accumulated over time toward a criterion level, which in turn yields a commitment to a proposition and ultimately an action.A neural correlate of this process has been described in the macaque parietal cortex 10,11 . Many LIP neurons respond when visual stimuli are presented at a specific location in space or when monkeys intend to make a saccade to that same location; thus, they have combined sensory and motor RFs 12,13 . When monkeys indicate decisions about direction of motion with an eye movement, LIP neurons increase or decrease their firing as evidence accumulates in favor of or against the choice associated with the target in their RF 10 . This rise and fall in activity

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Flutter Discrimination: neural codes, perception, memory and decision making

Cited by 536 publications

References 115 publications

Distinct Time Scales in Cortical Discrimination of Natural Sounds in Songbirds

Distinct Time Scales in Cortical Discrimination of Natural Sounds in Songbirds

Stroke Induces Long-Lasting Deficits in the Temporal Fidelity of Sensory Processing in the Somatosensory Cortex

Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task

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