Flushing Diets Influence on Blood Mineral and Haematological Profile of Late-Pregnant Cows under Extensive Grazing

Abstract

Pasundan cattle that genetically have characteristic genes of Bali cattle, Javanese cattle, Ongole cattle and Madura cattle (Baharun et al., 2017). Most Pasundan cattle are reared in extensive grazing system where the cattle graze on a certain pasture area daily without shelter. In this condition, the cattle, especially late-pregnant cow which is the most susceptible to any environmental stress factors like heat stress, parasite infections, protein, and mineral deficiencies. Several researchers previously reported some cases of mineral deficiency in pregnant cows (Delima, 2008; Moeini et al., 2009; Pradhan et al., 2011; Eisenberg et al., 2019). Currently, a significant proportion of pasture plants contain less calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) than is required for growth and reproduction. Concentrations of Ca, Zn, and iron (Fe) were, in some species, below the requirements for high production in ruminants, with grasses the most likely to be deficient. In this case, grasses contained less (P <0.05) Ca, Zn, and Fe than legumes (Masters et al., 2019). The mineral status of grazing cattle plays an important part in forage digestion, reproductive performance, and

Vermikom feed additive effects on dairy cows' blood and milk parameters

“…Similar results to those of our study were reported by Kardaya et al . [ 30 ], who researched the effects of zeolite in cow diets on mineral and hematological blood parameters. The inclusion of zeolite in cow diets improved the amount of iron and most hematological parameters.…”