Flush technique to minimize adverse reactions from syringe lubricant (silicone oil)

Botulinum toxin complications in registered and off‐label aesthetic indications

“…These granulomata can be of infectious origin or related to accidental inoculation by material eliciting a foreign body-like reaction, for example, from a BTXA diluent or lubricant material from the injection syringe. [9][10][11] Botulism is an extremely rare complication, caused either by the use of unlicensed botulinum toxins or overdosed injection. 12,13 The use of counterfeit or unlicensed botulinum toxin products continues to be a worldwide concern.…”

“…Few publications on granulomatous reactions at the BTXA injection sites exist. These granulomata can be of infectious origin or related to accidental inoculation by material eliciting a foreign body–like reaction, for example, from a BTXA diluent or lubricant material from the injection syringe 9‐11 …”

Effect of injection solutions in the dispersion of syringe lubricant (silicone oil)

“…1 SO can be detected in saline from standard syringes, and agitation further increased the amount released. 2 The characteristics of SO droplets may be modified by agitation and also by different solutions. Deoxycholic acid, the active ingredient of Kybella (Allergan, Inc, Irvine, CA), is an emulsifier and could boost SO extraction from the walls of the syringes.…”

“…Disposable SO-free syringes are available, such as Norm-Ject (Henke-Sass, Wolf GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany), and the flush technique has also been reported to decrease contamination. 2…”

“…The density of lotion sunscreen application is commonly lower than the area density (2 mg/cm 2 ) used to test sun protection factor (SPF) levels, leading to lower than expected photoprotection. [2][3][4] Few have examined aerosol All solvents exhibited a great number of droplets within optimal phagocytic range. Saline (0.9% sodium chloride): median, 0.9 m 2 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.5-1.6 m 2 ; maximum area [max], 7.6 m 2 ); with agitation, 1.2 m 2 (IQR, 0.8-1.9 m 2 ; max, 8.6 m 2 ).…”