Fluorotelomer Alcohols’ Toxicology Correlates with Oxidative Stress and Metabolism

Effects of subchronic exposure of nonylphenol on the expression of immune-related factors and estrogen receptors in the spleen of rats

“…The pathological changes suggested that the subchronic exposure of NP caused atrophy and pathological irreversible damage to the spleen of rats, which could affect immune damage and abnormalities in regulatory functions. Although changes in body weight and organ coefficients were non-functional tests, their changes may be the earliest and most sensitive way to reflect the toxic effects of exogenous compounds [96,[100][101][102]. In this study, the changes in the organ coefficients of the NP groups were different from those of the control group.…”

“…The immune system is closely related to the nerve and endocrine systems, and the three systems influence each other to form a neuroendocrine immune network [51,54,64,75,99,100,[155][156][157]. As an important sex steroid hormone, estrogen plays an important role in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases by directly regulating the development of immune organs, immune cells and the secretion of immune-related factors [11,41,56,119].…”

Landfill Gas: A Major Pathway for Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Release

“…With the ongoing development of PFAS regulation, understanding the partitioning behavior of PFAS in major repositories like MSW landfills grows increasingly critical to minimize environmental and human risk. Unlike leachate, LFG is not always captured by collection systems, and management varies broadly across landfills, ranging from no treatment (i.e., passive venting) to some treatment (i.e., flaring, LFG to energy projects), but current treatment, if any, is not intended for PFAS. , Emerging research suggests the toxicity of volatile species (specifically 6:2 FTOH) to be significantly higher than their ionic counterparts via the inhalation pathway (a main route of exposure for volatile compounds). − Further, degradation of neutral species to ionic PFAAs once emitted to the atmosphere is well established. − The potential for long-range atmospheric transport of PFAS from landfills underscores the importance of considering neutral species and their fate during management to prevent further environmental contamination of highly scrutinized PFAAs such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). As the only studies on LFG primarily identified FTOHs in LFG, the magnitude and significance of other neutral species remains unclear.…”

Highly Efficient and Simultaneous Analysis of Three Common Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Vegetables and Soils

“…FTOHs in the environment can show negative eco-effects and severe toxicity to animals such as hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, and immunotoxicity. 11 It is worth noting that FTOHs can serve as an important source of the perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) under abiotic/biotic degradation or biological metabolism in the environment. 12−14 Accordingly, FTOHs are recognized as the typical precursors of PFCAs, with ∼40% transformation yield of FTOHs to PFCAs, usually coexisting in the environment.…”

“…Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are widely used in many fields of industry and household, including adhesives, paints, coatings, and fluorotelomer-based products (FBPs), thus being released into the environment in large quantity. , The breakage of the ester–urethane linkage on the carbon backbones of FBPs is considered as an important source of environmental FTOHs. , Furthermore, the volatility of FTOHs provides a possibility for long-range transport of these chemicals in the environment. , FTOHs have been detected in various environmental samples, including crop (0.03–1.50 ng/g, dry weight, dw), soil (0.26–0.71 ng/g, dw), surface water (3.38–4.06 ng/L), sediment (0.19–0.52 ng/g, dw), and so forth. FTOHs in the environment can show negative eco-effects and severe toxicity to animals such as hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, and immunotoxicity …”