Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in indoor air from occupational and home environments

Sha, Bo; Dahlberg, Anna-Karin; Wiberg, Karin; Ahrens, Lutz

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.032

Cited by 58 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…TCEP was the most frequently detected halogenated PFR, with a detection frequency of 73% in all air samples and an average concentration of 120 ± 210 pg/m 3 (median n.a.) [69]. In another Swedish city, Stockholm, the presence and levels of Cl-PFRs were measured in 23 indoor air samples, collected from a university office [93].…”

Section: Chlorinated Pfrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging halogenated flame retardants in the indoor environment

Poma

McGrath

Christia

et al. 2020

Emerging Halogenated Flame Retardants in the Environment

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Indoor environments are considered an important contributor to external human exposure to halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) due to the large amounts of chemicals currently incorporated in indoor equipment and the time humans spend every day in indoor environments. In this chapter, the presence and use of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), dechlorane plus (DPs), chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants (Cl-PFRs) and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in indoor dust, air and consumer products collected from different indoor microenvironments (homes, public indoor spaces, and vehicles) are discussed. While data on the concentrations of HFRs in indoor dust and air are widely available, figures are still scarce for consumer products, such as textiles and foams, furnishings, flooring, electric and electronic products and building materials. This knowledge gaps still represents the biggest obstacle in linking eventual sources of contamination to the presence and chemical patterns in indoor dust and air.

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Section: Chlorinated Pfrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging halogenated flame retardants in the indoor environment

Poma

McGrath

Christia

et al. 2020

Emerging Halogenated Flame Retardants in the Environment

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“…TBP is a current-use flame retardant and a contaminant in both environmental and indoor exposures, especially to small children who are prone to ingesting dust through hand-mouth contact (Stapleton et al, 2014). One difficulty in comprehensively assessing TBP risk is that TBP dust concentrations are infrequently reported (Sha et al, 2018;Takigami et al, 2009). This is in stark contrast to other legacy BFRs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane) and currently used or novel BFRs (TBBPA, 2-ethylhexyl tetrabromobenzoate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate) even though TBP use appears to exceed that of some of the novel BFR (Hakk and Letcher, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ingestion of dust (Sha et al, 2018;Takigami et al, 2009). In addition to potential oral or dermal exposure through dust, TBP is likely to be consumed in a diet rich in wild-caught fish (Fuller et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

2,4,6-Tribromophenol Disposition and Kinetics in Rodents: Effects of Dose, Route, Sex, and Species

Knudsen

Richards

Hall

et al. 2019

Toxicological Sciences

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2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP, CAS No. 118-79-6) is widely used as a brominated flame retardant and wood antifungal agent. TBP is frequently detected in environmental matrices, biota, and humans. In female SD rats, systemically available TBP (10 µmol/kg, IV) was rapidly excreted primarily via urine, with approximately 61% of the dose recovered after 4 h, and 89%–94% in 24 h; 5% was recovered in feces; and 1%–2% in blood/tissues. TBP administered to female SD rats (0.1–1000 µmol/kg) by gavage was well absorbed, with approximately 25% eliminated via urine after 4 h and approximately 88% after 24 h. Approximately 11% of a single oral dose was recovered in bile. Male SD rats and B6C3F1/J mice of both sexes had similar disposition profiles when administered a single oral dose of TBP (10 µmol/kg). Following administration, fecal recoveries varied only slightly by dose, sex, or species. TBP readily passed unchanged through both human (ex vivo only) and rat skin with between 55% and 85% of a 100 nmol/cm2 passing into or through skin. Concentrations of TBP in blood fit a two-compartment model after IV-dosing and a one-compartment model after oral dosing. Urine contained a mixture of TBP, TBP-glucuronide, and TBP-sulfate. Fecal extracts contained only parent TBP whereas bile contained only TBP-glucuronide. TBP did not appear to bioaccumulate or alter its own metabolism after repeated administration. TBP was readily absorbed at all doses and routes tested with an oral bioavailability of 23%–27%; 49% of TBP is expected to be dermally bioavailable in humans. From these data, we conclude that humans are likely to have significant systemic exposure when TBP is ingested or dermal exposure occurs.

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“…İç ortamda tespit edilen HMS toplam konsantrasyonları 13,17 ile 130,75 ng/m 3 arasında değişmiştir (Çizelge 3). (Li et al 2020, Pieri et al 2013, Sha et al 2018, Tang et al 2015, Tran and Kannan 2015. Önceki araştırmalara göre D5, kişisel bakım ürünlerinde ana bileşen ve en sık tespit edilen madde olmuştur (Dudzina et al 2014, Wang et al 2009…”

Section: İç Ortam Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarıunclassified

Havuz Suyu ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti

Gür¹,

Dumanoğlu²

2021

Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering

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Anahtar kelimeler Doğrusal metil siloksan; Halkalı metil siloksan; Havuz suyu; İç ortam hava kalitesi Öz Metil siloksanlar (MS'lar) kişisel bakım ve temizlik ürünlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Ürünlerin büyük oranda kapalı alanlarda kullanılması, iç ortamda bu bileşiklerin tespit edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Kapalı yüzme havuzlarında yapılan antrenmanlar sırasında çocuklar, gençler ve yetişkinlerin normalden farklı olan solunum fonksiyonları nedeniyle, iç ortamda maruz kalacakları kirleticiler ve bu kirleticilerin miktarları daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Çalışmada yarı olimpik yüzme havuzunun bulunduğu kapalı alanda 4 halkalı (H) (D3, D4, D5, D6) ve 3 doğrusal (D) (L3, L4, L5) metil siloksan bileşiğinin havuz suyunda ve iç ortam havasında seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca inhalasyon yoluyla siloksanlara maruz kalma dozları, iç ortam havasındaki konsantrasyonlara dayalı olarak çocuklar, gençler ve yetişkinler için belirlenmiştir. Havuz suyu DMS konsantrasyonları 0,58 -7,58 ng/L, HMS konsantrasyonu 18,7 -163,8 ng/L arasındadır. Havuz suyunda D5 (16,06 ± 5,32 ng/L) ve D6 (17,96 ± 26,19 ng/L) en baskın HMS bileşikleridir. Yüzme havuzunun bulunduğu iç ortamda tespit edilen DMS bileşiklerinin toplam konsantrasyonu 0,22 ile 0,67 ng/m 3 , HMS bileşiklerinin toplam konsantrasyonları 13,17 ile 130,75 ng/m 3 arasında değişmiştir. İç ortam örneklerinde sırasıyla D5 (32,59 ± 26,28 ng/m 3 ) ve D3 (18,78 ± 19,08 ng/m 3 ) en baskın metil siloksan bileşiklerdir. İncelenen metil siloksan bileşiklerinin hava ve su arasındaki taşınım mekanizması siloksan bileşiklerinin havuz suyundan iç ortam havasına doğru bir taşınım yönüne sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Yarı olimpik yüzme havuzu iç ortam havasını soluma yoluyla D5'e günlük maruz kalma dozu çocuklar, gençler ve yetişkinler için sırasıyla 1,30 -0,68 ve 0,67 ng/kg-vücut ağırlığı/gün'dür.

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Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in indoor air from occupational and home environments

Cited by 58 publications

References 69 publications

Emerging halogenated flame retardants in the indoor environment

Emerging halogenated flame retardants in the indoor environment

2,4,6-Tribromophenol Disposition and Kinetics in Rodents: Effects of Dose, Route, Sex, and Species

Havuz Suyu ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti

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