Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Bacteria

Schindler, Bryan D.; Buensalido, Joseph Adrian L.; Kaatz, Glenn W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46718-4_16

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…Two strains harbored the sul2 gene, which encodes a drug-resistant dihydropteroate synthase, reducing affinity with sulfonamides [67]. Two strains harbored the fosA7 gene, encoding a fosfomycin inactivating enzyme [68], and two strains harbored the qnrB19 gene, which encodes the Qnr protein that interacts with GyrA/B, preventing the action of fluoroquinolones [69]. As expected, all strains harbored chromosomal bla AmpC [70] (Table S2).…”

Section: Virulome and Antibiotic Resistome Of Stec Strainssupporting

confidence: 60%

Genomic Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from the Livestock-Food-Human Interface in South America

Galarce

Sánchez

Escobar

et al. 2021

Animals

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic pathogens responsible for causing food-borne diseases in humans. While South America has the highest incidence of human STEC infections, information about the genomic characteristics of the circulating strains is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze genomic data of STEC strains isolated in South America from cattle, beef, and humans; predicting the antibiotic resistome, serotypes, sequence types (STs), clonal complexes (CCs) and phylogenomic backgrounds. A total of 130 whole genome sequences of STEC strains were analyzed, where 39.2% were isolated from cattle, 36.9% from beef, and 23.8% from humans. The ST11 was the most predicted (20.8%) and included O-:H7 (10.8%) and O157:H7 (10%) serotypes. The successful expansion of non-O157 clones such as ST16/CC29-O111:H8 and ST21/CC29-O26:H11 is highlighted, suggesting multilateral trade and travel. Virulome analyses showed that the predominant stx subtype was stx2a (54.6%); most strains carried ehaA (96.2%), iha (91.5%) and lpfA (77.7%) genes. We present genomic data that can be used to support the surveillance of STEC strains circulating at the livestock-food-human interface in South America, in order to control the spread of critical clones “from farm to table”.

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Section: Virulome and Antibiotic Resistome Of Stec Strainssupporting

confidence: 60%

Genomic Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from the Livestock-Food-Human Interface in South America

Galarce

Sánchez

Escobar

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The identification of colistin resistance represents a threat to public health, as this drug is considered the last resort against carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative bacterial infections in humans. On the other hand, two enrofloxacin intermediate‐resistant strains harboured the qnr B19 gene, which encodes the Qnr protein that interacts with GyrA/B, preventing the action of fluoroquinolones (Schindler et al., 2017). The detection of this gene has been previously reported in Chile in Salmonella Infantis strains isolated from chicken meat (Lapierre et al., 2020), which may suggest its spread among Enterobacterales .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic features and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from food in Chile

Sánchez

Fuenzalida

Ramos

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes severe illness in humans, often associated with foodborne outbreaks. Antimicrobial resistance among foodborne E. coli has increased over the last decades becoming a public health issue. In this study, the presence and features of STEC were investigated in samples of meat, seafood, vegetables and ready-to-eat street-vended food collected in Chile, using a genomic and microbiological approach. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined, and serotype, phylogroup, sequence type (ST) and phylogenomics were predicted using bioinformatic tools. Three thousand three hundred samples collected in 2019 were screened, of which 18 were positive for STEC strains (0.5%), with stx2a (61.1%) being the predominant stx subtype. The presence of the virulence genes lpfA (100%), iha and ehaA (94.4%), and ehxA, hlyA and saa (83.3%) was confirmed among the STEC strains; the Locus of adhesion and autoaggregation (LAA) was predicted in 14 (77.8%) strains. Strains displayed resistance to colistin (100%), and intermediate resistance to enrofloxacin (11.1%) and chloramphenicol (5.6%). In this regard, mutations in the two-component regulatory system genes pmrA (S29G), pmrB (D283G) and phoP (I44L), and the presence of the qnrB19 gene were confirmed. STEC strains belonged to ST11231 (38.9%), ST297 and ST58 (16.7% each), and ST1635, ST11232, ST446, ST442 and ST54 (5.6% each), and the most frequently detected serotypes were O113:H21 (44.4%), O130:H11 and O116:H21 (16.7% each), and O174:H21 (11.1%). Strains belonging to the international ST58 showed genomic relatedness with worldwide strains from human and non-human sources. Our study reports for the first time the genomic profile of STEC strains isolated from food in Chile, highlighting the presence of international clones and sequence types commonly associated with human infections in different geographical regions, as well as the convergence of virulence and resistance in STEC lineages circulating in this country. | 227 SÁNCHEZ Et al.

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“…However, these drugs are so widely prescribed that they have led to the development of a great selective pressure for the emergence of strains with reduced susceptibility to them. Such strains have appeared among nearly all species against which fluoroquinolones have activity ( 55 ). The target sites of action in E. coli strains are bacterial topoisomerases, DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) as a primary site and topoisomerase IV as a secondary target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from household dogs in Chile

Galarce,

Arriagada,

Sánchez

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to animal and public health worldwide; consequently, several AMR surveillances programs have been implemented internationally in both human and veterinary medicine, including indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli. However, companion animals are not typically included in these surveillance programs. Nevertheless, there have been reports of increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli strains isolated from dogs worldwide. In Chile, there is limited information available on AMR in E. coli isolated from companion animals, which prevents the establishment of objective prevention and control measures.MethodsFor this reason, the aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic AMR of E. coli strains isolated from healthy household dogs in Chile. For this purpose, a multi-stage sampling was carried out in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, obtaining samples from 600 healthy dogs. These samples were processed using traditional bacteriology and molecular techniques to isolate E. coli strains. We assessed the minimal inhibitory concentration of 17 antimicrobials and conducted a search of six antimicrobial resistance genes, as well as class 1 and 2 integrons, in the isolated strains.ResultsTwo-hundred and twenty-four strains of E. coli were recovered, and 96.9% (n = 217) showed resistance to at least one drug and only 3.1% (n = 7) were susceptible to all analyzed antimicrobials. Most strains were resistant to cefalexin (91.5%, n = 205, 1st-generation cephalosporin), followed by ampicillin (68.3%, n = 153) and cefpodoxime (31.3%, n = 70, 3rd-generation cephalosporin). Moreover, 24.1% (n = 54) tested positive for extended-spectrum-β-lactamases and 34.4% (n = 77) were multidrug resistant. As for the AMR genes, the most detected was qnrB (28.1%, n = 63), followed by blaCTX-M (22.3%, n = 50), and blaTEM-1 (19.6%, n = 44). Additionally, 16.1% (n = 36) harbored class 1 integrons. Our study shows that E. coli strains isolated from healthy household dogs exhibit resistance to several relevant drugs and also antimicrobial resistance genes considered critical for human health. These results can be used as a starting point for the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance from companion animals. This background should be considered when formulating future resistance surveillance programs or control plans in which companion animals must be included.

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Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Bacteria

Cited by 4 publications

References 261 publications

Genomic Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from the Livestock-Food-Human Interface in South America

Genomic Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from the Livestock-Food-Human Interface in South America

Genomic features and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from food in Chile

Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from household dogs in Chile

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