Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents.

Wolfson, John S.; Hooper, David C.

doi:10.1128/cmr.2.4.378-424.1989

Cited by 79 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 421 publications

(760 reference statements)

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“…[2][3][4][5] The spectrum of antimicrobial activity between ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin is similar against gram-negative organisms, yet levofloxacin has enhanced coverage against gram-positive species. 3,6,7 A recent survey which compared antibacterial prophylaxis among US transplant centers showed heterogeneity in clinical practice, with 39% of centers using levofloxacin and 27% using ciprofloxacin. 8 To our knowledge, there are currently no studies which have directly compared the efficacy of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciprofloxacin vs levofloxacin for prophylaxis during hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation

Copeland

McLaughlin

Trifilio

2017

Clinical Transplantation

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The objective of the current retrospective study was to compare differences in rate of breakthrough infections for ciprofloxacin vs levofloxacin prophylaxis in autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) patients treated for multiple myeloma. This was a retrospective, cohort study comparing autologous HSCT recipients treated for multiple myeloma who received ciprofloxacin prophylaxis vs levofloxacin prophylaxis.A total of 297 patients, 143 levofloxacin-and 154 ciprofloxacin-treated were included.There was a significantly higher incidence of bloodstream infections in the ciprofloxacin group (24/154) compared to the levofloxacin group (10/143), P = . | PATIENTS AND METHODSThis was a retrospective, cohort study comparing consecutive autologous HSCT recipients treated for multiple myeloma who received ciprofloxacin prophylaxis (500 mg PO BID) vs levofloxacin prophylaxis (500 mg PO daily), beginning on day 0 following a high-dose melphalan preparative regimen. Antibiotics were discontinued at the time of engraftment or switched to parenteral antibiotics if febrile neutropenia occurred. All patients received acyclovir and fluconazole concomitantly. The time period for levofloxacin was 1

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciprofloxacin vs levofloxacin for prophylaxis during hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation

Copeland

McLaughlin

Trifilio

2017

Clinical Transplantation

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“…The fluoroquinolone group acts on bacterial DNA topoisomerases II and IV (Wolfson and Hooper 1989;Drlica and Xhao 1997). Fluorquinolones are considered to have a concentration-dependent effect, although a time-dependent bactericidal effect against some Gram-positive bacteria has also been described (Spreng et al 1995;Cester et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in horses after intravenous, intramuscular and intragastric administration

Fernández-Varón

Ayala

Marı́n

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Reasons for performing study: Danofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone developed for veterinary medicine showing an excellent activity. However, danofloxacin pharmacokinetics profile have not been studied in horses previously. Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics following i.v., i.m. and intragastric (i.g.) administration of 1.25 mg/kg bwt danofloxacin to 6 healthy horses. Methods: A cross‐over design was used in 3 phases (2 times 2 × 2), with 2 washout periods of 15 days (n = 6). Danofloxacin (18%) was administered by i.v. and i.m. routes at single doses of 1.25 mg/kg bwt. For i.g. administration an oral solution was prepared and administered via nasogastric tube. Danofloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC assay with fluorescence detection. Tolerability at the the site of i.m. injection was monitored by creatine kinase (CK) activity. Results: Danofloxacin plasma concentration vs. time data after i.v. and i.g. administration could best be described by a 2‐compartment open model. The disposition of i.m. administered danofloxacin was best described by a one‐compartment model. The terminal half‐lives for i.v., i.m. and i.g. routes were 6.31, 5.36 and 4.74 h, respectively. Clearance value after i.v. dosing was 0.34 l/kg bwt/h. After i.m. administration, absolute bioavailability was mean ± s.d. 88.48 ± 11.10% and Cmax was 0.35 ± 0.05 mg/l. After i.g. administration, absolute bioavailability was 22.36 ± 6.84% and Cmax 0.21 ± 0.07 mg/l. CK activity following i.m. dosing increased 3‐fold over pre‐injection levels 12 h after dosing and subsequently approached (but did not reach) normal values at 72 h post dose. Conclusions: Systemic danofloxacin exposure achieved in horses following i.m. administration was consistent with the predicted blood levels needed for a positive therapeutic outcome for many equine infections. Conversely, danofloxacin utility by the i.g. route was limited by low bioavailability. Tolerability associated with i.m. administration was high. Potential relevance: Pharmacokinetics, blood levels and good tolerability of i.v. and i.m. administration of danofloxacin in horses indicates that it is likely to be effective for treating sensitive bacterial infections.

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“…and Chlamydia (Stamm et al, 1986;Abd El-Aty et al, 2005). Fluoroquinolones exhibit bactericidal action by targeting the bacterial DNA topoisomerases II (gyrase) and IV (Wolfson & Hooper, 1989;Drlica & Zhao, 1997). Principal advantages of fluoroquinolones include good bioavailability, bactericidal activity at low tissue concentrations and good penetration into phagocytic cells (Giguere et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and milk penetration of difloxacin after intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular administration to lactating goats

Marı́n

Escudero

Fernández-Varón

et al. 2007

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The single-dose disposition kinetics of difloxacin were determined in clinically normal lactating goats (n = 6) after intravenous (i.v.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 5 mg/kg. Difloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental and noncompartmental kinetic methods. Steady-state volume of distribution (V(ss)) and total body clearance (Cl) of difloxacin after i.v. administration were estimated to be 1.16 +/- 0.26 L/kg and 0.32 +/- 0.05 L/h x kg respectively. Following s.c. and i.m. administration difloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentrations of 1.33 +/- 0.25 and 1.97 +/- 0.40 mg/L at 3.37 +/- 0.36 and 1.79 +/- 1.14 h respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities after s.c. and i.m. routes were 90.16 +/- 11.99% and 106.79 +/- 13.95% respectively. Difloxacin penetration from the blood into the milk was extensive and rapid, and the drug was detected for 36 h after i.v. and s.c. dosing, and for 72 h after i.m. administration.

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Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: Peptococcus-peptostreptococcus spp. Clostridium spp. C. difficile Bacteroides fragilis Bacteroides spp., non-B. fragilis Fusobacterium spp. Other Nocardia asteroides Mycoplasma hominis Chlamydia trachomatis Ureaplasma urealyticum 0.8/1.6

Cited by 79 publications

References 421 publications

Ciprofloxacin vs levofloxacin for prophylaxis during hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation

Ciprofloxacin vs levofloxacin for prophylaxis during hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation

Pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in horses after intravenous, intramuscular and intragastric administration

Pharmacokinetics and milk penetration of difloxacin after intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular administration to lactating goats

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