Fluoropolymers, Organic

Hintzer, Klaus; Zipplies, Tilman; Carlson, D. Peter; Schmiegel, Walter W.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_393.pub2

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Despite the model shortcomings, it should nonetheless be noted that the presence of fluoropolymers make the recycling process technically and economically challenging because of the characteristic C‐F bond strength . It is also well documented that the thermal decomposition of fluoropolymers is a potential source of persistent compounds such as fluorocarbons, fluoroacids, dioxins, and furans . Even from industrial and specialised high‐temperature thermal degradation systems, it was found that significant amounts of trifluoroacetate can be released into the environment .…”

Section: Life Cycle Impact Assessment—results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative life cycle assessment of end‐of‐life treatment pathways for photovoltaic backsheets

Aryan

Font-Brucart

Maga

2018

Progress in Photovoltaics

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In light of growing photovoltaic (PV) installation capacities around the world, and with it the increasing number of decommissioned modules, it is vital that PV waste is duly treated to recover valuable materials as well as to comply with legislative requirements. The European Union (EU) directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment and the Restriction of Hazardous Substances mandates manufacturers, retailers, and importers to collectively organise and finance the end‐of‐life (EoL) stage of electronic products in the EU. Using life cycle assessment, this study makes a comparative analysis of the environmental impacts stemming from the EoL treatment of fluorine‐free and fluorinated backsheet material present in PV modules. The 2 potential EoL treatment scenarios explored in this study are incineration and pyrolysis. In general, the life cycle assessment of fluorine‐free backsheet material shows better environmental performance than fluorinated backsheet material for both EoL scenarios. For incineration scenario, the environmental impact of fluorine‐free backsheet is evidently better than fluorinated backsheet across 11 out of 12 investigated impact categories. Similarly for pyrolysis scenario, fluorine‐free backsheets have better environmental performance than fluorinated backsheets in 8 out of 12 impact categories. Furthermore, because of the release of high amounts of hydrogen fluoride, as well as the presence of halogenated hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatics in pyrolysis products, it can be concluded that pyrolysis is not an environmentally feasible pathway for fluorinated backsheet.

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Section: Life Cycle Impact Assessment—results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative life cycle assessment of end‐of‐life treatment pathways for photovoltaic backsheets

Aryan

Font-Brucart

Maga

2018

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…Generally, annealing is particularly useful for enhancing the degree of crystallinity, reducing the porosity and eliminating the residual solvent of the P(VDF-TrFE) films [149]. From an economic point of view, P(VDF-TrFE) is more expensive than PVDF, owing to the production risk of explosion of TrFE monomer during co-polymerization [150]. Nevertheless, P(VDF-TrFE) has found wide applications for energy harvesters [151,152], and bone tissue engineering [8].…”

Section: Scaffold Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Based Fibrous Scaffolds with Piezoelectric Characteristics for Bone and Neural Tissue Engineering

2019

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Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE) with excellent piezoelectricity and good biocompatibility are attractive materials for making functional scaffolds for bone and neural tissue engineering applications. Electrospun PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds can produce electrical charges during mechanical deformation, which can provide necessary stimulation for repairing bone defects and damaged nerve cells. As such, these fibrous mats promote the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone and neural cells on their surfaces. Furthermore, aligned PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) fibrous mats can enhance neurite growth along the fiber orientation direction. These beneficial effects derive from the formation of electroactive, polar β-phase having piezoelectric properties. Polar β-phase can be induced in the PVDF fibers as a result of the polymer jet stretching and electrical poling during electrospinning. Moreover, the incorporation of TrFE monomer into PVDF can stabilize the β-phase without mechanical stretching or electrical poling. The main drawbacks of electrospinning process for making piezoelectric PVDF-based scaffolds are their small pore sizes and the use of highly toxic organic solvents. The small pore sizes prevent the infiltration of bone and neuronal cells into the scaffolds, leading to the formation of a single cell layer on the scaffold surfaces. Accordingly, modified electrospinning methods such as melt-electrospinning and near-field electrospinning have been explored by the researchers to tackle this issue. This article reviews recent development strategies, achievements and major challenges of electrospun PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

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“…A previous study of MLD has shown significant differences in the growth characteristics and film properties when monomer lengths are altered . Properties of fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon copolymers are especially sensitive to the length of the individual monomer units . To demonstrate the ability to alter monomer unit lengths for the pMLD synthesis, a 1,7-octadiene (OD) monomer was used for pMLD together with the DIOFB monomer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of a Surface-Tethered, All-Carbon Backboned Fluoropolymer by Photoactivated Molecular Layer Deposition

Closser

Lillethorup²,

Bergsman

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The synthesis of an all-carbon backboned fluoropolymer using photoactivated molecular layer deposition (pMLD) is developed. pMLD is a vapor-phase, layer-by-layer, organic thin film synthesis method utilizing UV light, allowing for the creation of materials previously unavailable via thermal MLD. The carbon backbone is achieved by reacting an iodine-containing fluorocarbon monomer (1,4-diiodooctafluorobutane) and a diene monomer (1,5-hexadiene) under UV irradiation in a step-growth polymerization sequence. The polymerization occurs with a growth rate of 1.3 Å/cycle, forming a copolymer containing hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon segments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to confirm the formation of new carbon–carbon bonds and quantify the final film composition. In situ XPS thermal annealing experiments confirm the film stability up to 400 °C. The ability to pattern the fluoropolymer on a surface is demonstrated using a photomask, suggesting that these films could be incorporated into photolithographic processes. Together, these results demonstrate that pMLD can be used to synthesize carbon backboned films with photopatterning ability, expanding the available chemistries and potential applications of MLD polymers.

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Fluoropolymers, Organic

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. History 1.2. Monomers 1.3. Polymers … Show more

Cited by 12 publications

References 67 publications

A comparative life cycle assessment of end‐of‐life treatment pathways for photovoltaic backsheets

A comparative life cycle assessment of end‐of‐life treatment pathways for photovoltaic backsheets

Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Based Fibrous Scaffolds with Piezoelectric Characteristics for Bone and Neural Tissue Engineering

Growth of a Surface-Tethered, All-Carbon Backboned Fluoropolymer by Photoactivated Molecular Layer Deposition

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