Fluorogold labeling of descending brain neurons in larval lamprey does not cause cell death

McClellan, Andrew D.; Zhang, Lei; Palmer, Ryan

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.078

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The present results also reveal the presence of a number of Gly-ir fibers coursing longitudinally in the medial longitudinal fascicle and in other regions of the reticular area, and probably some run toward and/or from the spinal cord. A recent experimental study in the paddlefish indicates that the superior, middle, and reticular nuclei contain spinal cord-projecting neurons (Metzen et al, 2010), as reported in lampreys (McClellan et al, 2006). Although the majority of reticulospinal neurons of lampreys appear to be excitatory on spinal neurons Brodin et al, 1989), some reticulospinal neurons act monosynaptically on spinal neurons via glycinergic transmission (Wannier et al, 1995).…”

Section: Major Gly-ir Rhombencephalic Populations Organized In Longitmentioning

confidence: 76%

Distribution of glycine immunoreactivity in the brain of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri): Comparison with γ-aminobutyric acid

2011

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Glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. Studies on the distribution of glycinergic neurons and fibers have been carried out mainly in rodents and lampreys. With the aim of discovering more about the early evolution of this system in vertebrates, we analyzed the distribution of glycine-immunoreactive (Gly-ir) neurons and fibers in the CNS of a basal ray-finned fish, the Siberian sturgeon (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes), by use of immunohistochemical techniques. We also compared the distribution of glycine and GABA by the use of double-immunofluorescence techniques and confocal microscopy. Our results revealed the presence of Gly-ir cells in different regions of the CNS, such as olfactory bulbs, preoptic area, hypothalamus, thalamus, pretectum, optic tectum, tegmentum and rostral spinal cord, although most of the Gly-ir cells and the most intensely immunoreactive cells were located in the rhombencephalon, mainly in the octavolateral area and reticular formation. In addition, coronet cells of the basal hypothalamus and saccus vasculosus were Gly-ir. Glycinergic fibers coursed along most brain regions and were more abundant in the thalamus, hypothalamus, optic tectum, tegmentum, isthmic region, and basal rhombencephalon. The Mauthner cell perikaryon was richly innervated by Gly-ir boutons, as reported for teleosts. With regard to the colocalization of glycine and GABA, double-immunoreactive cells were located mainly in the rhombencephalon. The results enable us to conclude that the distribution of glycine in the sturgeon brain is more similar to that observed in lampreys than that observed in mammals.

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Section: Major Gly-ir Rhombencephalic Populations Organized In Longitmentioning

confidence: 76%

Distribution of glycine immunoreactivity in the brain of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri): Comparison with γ-aminobutyric acid

2011

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“…Recent reports favor fluorogold as a safe compound for in vivo interventions. In larval lamprey, fluorogold appeared not to cause neuronal death (McClellan et al, 2006). No toxic effects were detected in retrogradely labeled neurons in the parasympathetic preganglion or in the anterior horn of S1 spinal cord segments in adult rats following intraperitoneal injections of fluorogold (Akhavan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Fluorogold Induces Persistent Neurological Deficits and Circling Behavior in Mice Over-Expressing Human Mutant Tau

He¹

2009

CNR

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An increasing number of applications use nanospecie-fluorescent labeling technology; however, no established guidelines are available to warrant their safety for potential clinical use. Here, rTg4510 transgenic mice and their littermate controls were injected with fluorogold, a nanospecie tracer, or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) targeted to the right amygdala. No significant abnormal behavior was detected in any mice injected with PBS. After fluorogold injection, however, rTg4510 mice displayed persistent left-sided neurological deficits and left circling behavior for up to 14 days post-injection, while control mice demonstrated a transient syndrome. Mortality occurred only in rTg4510 mice and statistically significant differences appeared independent of age. An immunofluorescent study revealed TUNEL positive cells that were heavily and extensively distributed in the periamygdalar region that overlapped with the fluorogold deposit region in rTg4510 mice, whereas control mice showed only sporadic distribution of TUNEL-positive cells. Co-localization of TUNEL and caspase-3 active peptide immunoreactivity was identified in a subset of the cells, indicating an involvement of caspase-dependent apoptotic mechanisms. In conclusion, fluorogold induces damage in the central nervous system most noticeably in mice over-expressing human mutant tau.

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“…It has been shown that FG uptake does not alter the cell survival (Emsley et al, 2001; McClellan et al, 2006). However, it has been reported that FG can reduce c-Fos+ cell counts in populations of retrogradely labeled neurons compared to unlabeled neurons in the equivalent area contralateral to the tracer injection (Franklin and Druhan, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

c-Fos expression in neurons projecting from the preoptic and lateral hypothalamic areas to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in relation to sleep states

Kuen-Chang)

Gvilia²,

Kumar

et al. 2011

Neuroscience

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The ventrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and the adjacent deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus have been implicated in the control of sleep. The preoptic hypothalamus, which contains populations of sleep-active neurons, is an important source of afferents to the vlPAG. The perifornical lateral hypothalamus (LH) contains populations of wake-active neurons and also projects strongly to the vlPAG. We examined nonREM and REM sleep-dependent expression of c-Fos protein in preoptic-vlPAG and LH-vlPAG projection neurons identified by retrograde labeling with Fluoro-gold (FG). Separate groups of rats (n=5) were subjected to 3 hours total sleep deprivation (TSD) followed by 1 hour recovery sleep (RS), or to 3 hours of selective REM sleep deprivation (RSD) followed by RS. A third group of rats (n=5) was subjected to TSD without opportunity for RS (awake group). In the median preoptic nucleus (MnPN), the percentage of FG+ neurons that were also Fos+ was higher in TSD-RS animals compared to both RSD-RS rats and awake rats. There were significant correlations between time spent in deep nonREM sleep during the 1-hour prior to sacrifice across groups and the percentage of double-labeled cells in MnPN and ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO). There were no significant correlations between percentage of double labeled neurons and time spent in REM sleep for any of the preoptic nuclei examined. In the LH, percentage of double-labeled neurons was highest in awake rats, intermediate in TSD-RS rats and lowest in the RSD-RS group. These results suggest that neurons projecting from MnPN and VLPO to the vlPAG are activated during nonREM sleep and support the hypothesis that preoptic neurons provide inhibitory input to vlPAG during sleep. Suppression of excitatory input to the vlPAG from the LH during sleep may have a permissive effect on REM sleep generation.

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Fluorogold labeling of descending brain neurons in larval lamprey does not cause cell death

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Distribution of glycine immunoreactivity in the brain of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri): Comparison with γ-aminobutyric acid

Distribution of glycine immunoreactivity in the brain of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri): Comparison with γ-aminobutyric acid

Fluorogold Induces Persistent Neurological Deficits and Circling Behavior in Mice Over-Expressing Human Mutant Tau

c-Fos expression in neurons projecting from the preoptic and lateral hypothalamic areas to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in relation to sleep states

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