Fluoroethers and Fluoroamines

Abstract

Perfluoroaliphatic ethers and tertiary amines are members of a class of unreactive compounds known in the industry as inert fluids. These compounds are prepared by electrochemical fluorination, direct fluorination using elemental fluorine or cobalt trifluoride fluorination. They are nontoxic, nonflammable, have densities of 1.7–1.9 g/cm 3 , surface tensions of 9–19 dyn/cm and lower kinematic viscosities than hydrocarbons. Their thermal stabilities are comparable to the perfluoroalkanes. Their chemical properties are characterized by their extreme unreactivity. The lower molecular weight compounds are used in the electronics industry as heat‐transfer fluids and electronic testing fluids. The higher molecular weight polymers are used as hazardous duty vacuum pump oils, specialty greases, and lubricants. Hydrofluoroethers and hydrofluoropolyethers are new classes of highly fluorinated ethers having properties intermediate between the perfluoroethers and hydrocarbon ethers. They are low in toxicity, nonflammable, with densities of 1.4–1.7 g/cm 3 , surface tensions of 13–16 dyn/cm and low kinematic viscosity. The hydrofluoropolyethers are used as heat‐transfer fluids. The hydrofluoroethers are used as heat‐transfer fluids as well as precision cleaning solvents and solvents for specialty applications such as coating deposition.

Synergetic Bimetallic Oxidative Esterification of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural under Mild Conditions

“…MPFB has high oxygen solubility (72.7% v/v). Importantly, fluoroethers have low toxicity, and very low potential, making them attractive to industry . Full conversion was achieved when a 1:1 mixture of MeOH:/MPFB was used, showing the tolerance of the catalysts toward this solvent, but more importantly, a marked increase of the reaction rate was observed, from 0.115 ± 2 h –1 to 0.281 ± 7 h –1 (Figure ).…”

“…Importantly, fluoroethers have low toxicity, and very low potential, making them attractive to industry. 25 Full conversion was achieved when a 1:1 mixture of MeOH:/MPFB was used, showing the tolerance of the catalysts toward this solvent, but more importantly, a marked increase of the reaction rate was observed, from 0.115 ± 2 h −1 to 0.281 ± 7 h −1 (Figure 2). 34 Moreover, conversion of 85% was observed after 4.5 h, a significant reduction in comparison with the 12 h needed when only MeOH was used as solvent.…”

“…The independent performance of each catalyst was studied along with the effect of oxygen availability in the system. Moreover, an increase in the speed of the reaction was achieved using perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) as they show excellent gas solubility . This synergistic bimetallic approach yields, to the best of our knowledge, the highest selectivity toward FDCM ( 2 ) under the mildest conditions so far.…”

Analysis of turbulence characteristics in a temporal dense gas compressible mixing layer using direct numerical simulation

“…It is the same DG used by in order to simulate rarefaction shock waves in a shock tube. It is in particular used as heat transfer fluid, is almost non-toxic and has been evaluated as synthetic blood (Costello, Flynn & Owens 2000). Physical parameters useful for the thermodynamic description of FC-70 are given in table 1, as taken from Cramer (1989).…”

An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Reports and books that address fluorosurfactants and fluoropolymers in general were also included. 3,8,12,16,20,21,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Literature specific to certain use categories was retrieved for more information either on the substances used, or to understand why PFAS are, or were, necessary for a given use. All specific references are cited in the Electronic Supplementary Information 1 (ESI-1).…”