Fluorocarbons by Fluorination of Hydrocarbons with Cobalt Trifluoride

Fluorocarbons: Surface Free Energies and van der Waals Interaction

“…The list includes the density (ρ), the refractive index at the sodium D line ( n D ), dielectric permeability data (ε 0 , C IR , ω IR , C UV , and ω UV ), nonretarded Hamaker constants across both air ( A FVF ( H 0 )) and water ( A FWF ( H 0 )), and the liquid/vapor surface tension (γ d ). The primary data were obtained from several sources. ,− It is generally accepted that modern theory can predict the nonretarded Hamaker constant to within 10% . Specifically in the case of the homo-interaction of crystalline quartz (which has a far more complicated UV absorption spectrum than the perfluorocarbons) across air, it has been shown that the simple method of the ε(iξ) construction, as employed above, provides a Hamaker constant that differs by 4% from the most accurate ε(iξ) available, constructed from energy loss data …”

Repurposing of F-gases: challenges and opportunities in fluorine chemistry

“…2,3 HF can also be used to make elemental fluorine, F 2 , which can then be used to synthesise perfluorocarbons in the Fowler process. 4,5 Other major uses of F 2 include the manufacture of UF 6 from UF 4 and in the production of SF 6 . 6 In 2007, it was estimated there is a 100 year supply of CaF 2 if the current rate of usage continues.…”

“…6 In 2007, it was estimated there is a 100 year supply of CaF 2 if the current rate of usage continues. 5 While it is likely that new sources -or alternatives such as cryolite (Na 3 AlF 6 ) or fluorapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F) -will be found, 6 the rate of consumption is predicted only to increase as living standards increase. 7 Fluorocarbons are often treated as 'single-use'.…”

Fluorination of petroleum oils in vapor phase with cobalt trifluoride

“…The crude perfluorocarbon (specific gravity 1.9) was separated from the hydrogen fluoride (specific gravity 1) by layer separation, heated to remove most of the dissolved hydrogen fluoride, treated with caustic to remove the remaining hydrogen fluoride, and filtered. Figure 2 shows distillation ranges of typical crudes prepared in this way; the solid lines indicate the yields of desired material and the dotted lines indicate unsuitable high and low boiling perfluorocarbons.…”