Fluorine pollution in the marmara region, Turkey. Production methods for fluorine removal and recovery

Altintaş, N.; Ayok, T.; Gözmen, T.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(87)90153-9

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In this pH range, the RE of fluoride and phosphate were Regardless of the mixture considered (HF + H 3 PO 4 or H 2 SiF 6 + H 3 PO 4 ), the separative precipitation of fluoride and phosphate is economically more favourable than simultaneous precipitation owing to the fact that both by-products resulting from the first process can be more easily integrated as raw materials in either agricultural or industrial applications. Indeed, technical calcium fluoride can be used as acid-grade CaF 2 (>97% CaF 2 ) in aluminium industry or as metallurgical-grade CaF 2 (60-72.5% CaF 2 ) in steel industry [8] while, calcium phosphate with fluoride content until 4% is ordinary used in phosphate fertilizer industry [12].…”

Section: Precipitation Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, this effluent is highly acidic and contains high amounts of both fluoride and phosphate [8,9] in addition to variable contents of other species, mainly sodium, calcium, chloride and sulfate. The presence of fluoride at acidic pH makes this wastewater seriously aggressive towards skin, laboratory glassware and various metallic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluoride and phosphate contents and flow-rate of fertilizer plant wastewater from phosphoric acid and/or triple superphosphate production lead to the discharge of several thousand tons of fluoride (F − ) per year and even more for phosphate [8,9]. On the other hand, fluorapatite [Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F 2 ] and fluorite (CaF 2 ), (natural ores commonly used for the production of industrial phosphoric and hydrofluoric acids respectively), are considered as one of the resources that will be scarce in the near future [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, sustainability is an important environmental concern increasingly reflected in corporate strategy, governmental policy and international agreements [16,17]. Therefore, removal methods should allow production of phosphorus and fluoride sustainable products that can be recycled for use as raw materials in either agricultural or industrial applications [8,[18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Separative recovery with lime of phosphate and fluoride from an acidic effluent containing H3PO4, HF and/or H2SiF6

Gouider

Feki

Sayadi

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Precipitation Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Separative recovery with lime of phosphate and fluoride from an acidic effluent containing H3PO4, HF and/or H2SiF6

Gouider

Feki

Sayadi

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Tunisia, in particular, is estimated to be the fifth leading producer and transformer of phosphate ores to phosphoric acid and phosphatic and/or triple superphosphate (TSP, a hydrosoluble calcium phosphate) fertilizers in the world (Becker, 1989). The phosphate fertilizer industry, however, produces a particular kind of effluent that is highly acidic (approximately pH 2) and contains significant amounts of both fluoride and phosphate and variable amounts of sodium, calcium, chloride, and sulfate (Altintas et al, 1987;Gouider et al, 2009). The high content of fluoride and phosphate pollutants and the enormous daily flow-rate of the fertilizer industry results in the discharge of several thousand tons of fluoride and phosphate per year (Grzmil and Wronkowski, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Physicochemical and Biological Treatment Process for Fluoride and Phosphorus Removal from Fertilizer Plant Wastewater

Gouider

Mlaik

Feki

et al. 2011

Water Environment Research

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The phosphate fertilizer industry produces highly hazardous and acidic wastewaters. This study was undertaken to develop an integrated approach for the treatment of wastewaters from the phosphate industry. Effluent samples were collected from a local phosphate fertilizer producer and were characterized hy their high tluoride and phosphate content. First, the samples were pretreated hy precipitation of phosphate and fluoride ions using hydrated lime. The resulting low-fluoride and phosphorus effluent was then treated with the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process to monitor the simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Phosphorus removal included a twostage anaerobic/aerobic system operating under continuous flow. Pretreated wastewater was added to the activated sludge and operated for 160 days in the reactor. The operating strategy included increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) from 0.3 to 1.2 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L-d. The stable and high removal rates of COD, NH/-N, and P04''~-P were then recorded. The mean concentrations of the influent were approximately 3600 mg COD/L, 60 mg N/L, and 14 mg P/L, which corresponded to removal efficiencies of approximately 98%, 86%, and 92%, respectively. Water Environ. Res., 83, 731 (2011).

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Treatment of wastewaters from phosphate fertilizer industry

Gouider¹,

Feki²,

Sayadi

2013

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The phosphate (P) fertilizer industry generates a highly hazardous and acidic wastewater. The present study reports the evaluation of an integrated precipitation and Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) process for the treatment of fertilizer plant wastewater and effluent detoxification, assessed by microtoxicity and seed germination tests. Effluent samples were collected from a local P fertilizer industry and were characterized by their high fluoride and P content. First, the samples were pre-treated by precipitation of P and fluoride ions using hydrated lime. The resulting low-fluoride and phosphorus effluent was then treated with the EBPR process to monitor the simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Phosphorus removal included a two-stage anaerobic/aerobic system operating under continuous flow. Pre-treated wastewater was added to the activated sludge and operated for 160 days in the reactor. The operating strategy included increasing the organic loading rate from 0.3 to 1.2 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L day. The stable and high removal rates of COD, NH 4 1 -N, and PO 4 32 -P were then recorded. The mean concentrations of the influent were approximately 3600 mg COD/L, 60 mg N/L and 14 mg P/L, which corresponded to removal efficiencies of approximately 98%, 86%, and 92%, respectively. The microtoxicity of the treated wastewater was then monitored by LUMIStox and its phytotoxicity was investigated on cress, tomato, wheat, maize, ryegrass, and alfalfa seed germination. LUMIStox tests showed that treatment allowed a significant toxicity removal. Moreover, the untreated wastewater inhibited the species germination even when diluted 10 times, whereas a positive effect of treated wastewater was noticed.

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Fluorine pollution in the marmara region, Turkey. Production methods for fluorine removal and recovery

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Separative recovery with lime of phosphate and fluoride from an acidic effluent containing H3PO4, HF and/or H2SiF6

Separative recovery with lime of phosphate and fluoride from an acidic effluent containing H3PO4, HF and/or H2SiF6

Integrated Physicochemical and Biological Treatment Process for Fluoride and Phosphorus Removal from Fertilizer Plant Wastewater

Treatment of wastewaters from phosphate fertilizer industry

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