Fluorine-free mechanochemical synthesis of MXene

Ljubek, Gabrijela; Kralj, Magdalena; Roković, Marijana Kraljić

doi:10.1080/02670836.2023.2178173

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These MXene are suitable for high-quality MXene-based nanodevices. [81,84,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] Beyond environmental considerations, the objectives of fluorine-free MXene etching include enhancing conductivity, improving energy storage capabilities, and optimizing electrochemical performance for diverse applications. The fluorine-free etching approach preserves desired material properties, vital for applications like energy storage and electronics.…”

Section: Advantages Of Fluorine-free Mxenes Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2023, Ljubek et al performed the ball-milling method-assisted fluorine-free synthesis of MXene using mechanochemical treatment to the MAX phase followed by chemical treatment. [84] MAX phase is grinded using a vibratory ball mill operating at 30 Hz, at a ball-to-powder ratio of m b :m p = 1:10 at room temperature. The milling is done in a 14 cm 3 PMMA jar with two stainless steel balls (m = 1.4 g; d = 7 mm).…”

Section: Mechanochemical Mxenes Etchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the conventional fluorine-free etching approaches, this review explores the synthesis of innovative techniques. Among the latest fluorine-free techniques employed for etching MXenes, encompass thermal reduction etching, [90] supercritical etching, [92] hydrogen halides etching, [85] UV-induced etching, [81,93] mechanochemical etching, [84] thermal treatment approach, [94] and halogen etching, [91] etc. Each of these approaches undergoes a thorough investigation, elucidating their mechanisms and recent progress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 83 ] The ball‐milling method assisted fluorine‐free synthesis of MXene using mechanochemical treatment to the MAX phase was also performed in the following year. [ 84 ] In 2023, hydrogen halides (HBr, NaBr, KBr, NH 4 Br, etc.) barring HF, were also used for MXene etching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorine‐Free MXenes: Recent Advances, Synthesis Strategies, and Mechanisms

Kumar

2023

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MXenes, an exceptional class of 2D materials, possess high conductivity, adaptable surface chemistry, mechanical strength, and tunable bandgaps, making them attractive for diverse applications. Unlocking the potential of MXenes requires precise control over synthesis methods and surface functionality. Conventionally, fluorine‐based etchants are used in MXenes synthesis, posing both environmental concerns and alterations to surface properties, along with the introduction of certain defects. This prompts the exploration of innovative fluorine‐free strategies for MXenes synthesis. This review focuses on environmentally friendly, fluorine‐free techniques for MXene synthesis, emphasizing mechanisms and recent breakthroughs in alternative etching strategies. The comprehensive coverage includes electrochemical etching, Lewis acid‐driven molten salt etching, alkaline/hydrothermal techniques, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and recent innovative methods. Fluorine‐free MXenes synthesis yields terminations such as ─O, ─OH, ─Cl, etc., influencing surface chemistry and improving their properties. The presence of ─OH groups in NaOH etched MXenes boosts their energy storage, while ─Cl functionality from Lewis acidic salts optimizes electrochemical performance. Fluorine‐free methods mitigate adverse effects of ─F terminations on MXene conductivity, improving electronic properties and broadening their applications. In addition to traditional approaches, this review delves into novel fluorine‐free methods for tailoring MXenes properties. It comprehensively addresses challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in fluorine‐free MXenes.

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Section: Advantages Of Fluorine-free Mxenes Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanochemical Mxenes Etchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorine‐Free MXenes: Recent Advances, Synthesis Strategies, and Mechanisms

Kumar

2023

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“…Although various MXenes have been obtained via etching and its derivative methods, because of the acute toxicity of HF, these approaches severely limit the synthesis and application of MXene-based catalysts on a broad scale, so we urgently need to develop new HF-free synthesis methods. Gabrijela Ljubek et al prepared MXense Ti 3 C 2 T x at room temperature through the mechanochemical ball milling of Ti 3 AlC 2 using different salts [33]. In another study, Li and coworkers discovered that in the presence of a small amount of water, KOH can act as an etching agent in the preparation of MXenes.…”

Section: The Principal Techniques For Producing Mxene Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Synthesis Process and Electrocatalytic Application of MXene Materials

Wang,

Wang

2023

Materials

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With their rich surface chemistry, high electrical conductivity, variable bandgap, and thermal stability, 2D materials have been developed for effective electrochemical energy conversion systems over the past decade. Due to the diversity brought about by the use of transition metals and C/N pairings, the 2D material MXene has found excellent applications in many fields. Among the various applications, many breakthroughs have been made in electrocatalytic applications. Nevertheless, related studies on topics such as the factors affecting the material properties and safer and greener preparation methods have not been reported in detail. Therefore, in this paper, we review the relevant preparation methods of MXene and the safer, more environmentally friendly preparation techniques in detail, and summarize the progress of research on MXene-based materials as highly efficient electrocatalysts in the electrocatalytic field of hydrogen precipitation reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, oxygen precipitation reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. We also discuss the technology related to MXene materials for hydrogen storage. The main challenges and opportunities for MXene-based materials, which constitute a platform for next-generation electrocatalysis in basic research and practical applications, are highlighted. This paper aims to promote the further development of MXenes and related materials for electrocatalytic applications.

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MXene Synthesis and Carbon Capture Applications: Mini‐Review

Li,

Zhan,

Liu

et al. 2024

Chemistry A European J

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MXenes, a class of two‐dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable potential for energy storage, electrocatalysis, and gas separation applications. The fabrication processes of MXene involve building up the MXene structure from constituent elements and the selective elimination of M−A bonds from the precursor MAX. However, considerable efforts are still required to design and develop efficient MXene‐based technologies. This review article aims to briefly analyse the synthesis methods employed for MXene production, ranging from direct synthesis and conventional chemical wet etching approach to the more recent molten salt etching technique. The review highlights the advancements made in achieving precise control over the terminal groups, which is paramount for tailoring the properties of MXenes for specific applications. Furthermore, the potential of MXene‐based materials for carbon capture applications, particularly in developing advanced adsorbents, is emphasized. The in‐depth examination of MXene synthesis techniques and their implications for carbon capture applications provides a solid foundation for developing and optimizing these promising materials.

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Fluorine-free mechanochemical synthesis of MXene

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Fluorine‐Free MXenes: Recent Advances, Synthesis Strategies, and Mechanisms

Fluorine‐Free MXenes: Recent Advances, Synthesis Strategies, and Mechanisms

Progress in the Synthesis Process and Electrocatalytic Application of MXene Materials

MXene Synthesis and Carbon Capture Applications: Mini‐Review

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