“…Water, the molecule of life, is abundant on Earth and contains hydrogen, which can be used as a fuel for various purposes. − However, extracting hydrogen gas from water in an environmentally friendly way remains a significant challenge. Traditionally, hydrogen can be generated via the electrolysis of water using solar or wind energy. − In biological systems, such as plants, trees, and certain bacteria, complex assemblies of molecules, including proteins and metallic complexes, are employed to split water in a process called photolysis, which is responsible for supplying energy to the biological entity while generating oxygen as a byproduct. − To mimic this process and produce hydrogen and oxygen from water in a green manner and at a low cost, scientists have been working to develop artificial materials and integrate them into a water-splitting or electrocatalysis device. − These materials, including both inorganic (oxides and halides) and organic (conducting polymers and dyes) materials, are less complex compared to their biological counterparts. Individually, these materials have certain drawbacks, because their conversion efficiency remains dependent upon various factors, including band gap (1.6–1.8 eV), long-range charge diffusion, and chemical stability.…”