Fluorinated-Triazole-Modified ZnO and Its Application in Marine Antifouling

Abstract

The accumulation of marine biological growth has irreversible negative effects on shipping and coastal fisheries. In this paper, a new antibacterial nanofiller—triazole fluoroaromatic hydrocarbon−modified nano−zinc oxide (ZnO−APTES−TRF)—was prepared by a Cu(I)−catalyzed azide–alkyne click chemical reaction. The modification of nano−ZnO with triazole ring fluoroaromatic hydrocarbons were testified by FT−IR, XPS, and EDS. The grafting rate of ZnO−APTES−TRF can reach 32.38%, which was verified by the TGA test. The ZnO−APTES−TRF was mixed with zinc acrylate resin to produce a low surface energy antifouling coating with a surface water contact angle of 106°. The bactericidal rate of ZnO−APTES−TRF against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudoalteromonas sp. can reach more than 98% due to the synergistic effect of triazole and fluorine. The 120−day marine experiment shows that the low surface energy antifouling coating of ZnO−APTES−TRF/ZA is expected to be widely used in the field of marine antifouling.

Engineering the Surface Chemistry of Graphite and Graphene by Covalently Anchored Triazole Derivative

“…Triazoles are five membered heterocyclic compounds that have attracted a sustainable and increasing attention from the scientific community due to their wide applications in different fields such as pharmaceutics, 25,26 agriculture 27 as well as material sciences. [28][29][30] Among others, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, which possess three nitrogen atoms placed at 1, 2 and 4 positions, have become extraordinarily important due to their wide-ranging antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, antioxidant, antitumor, analgesic, antiinflammatory or pesticidal properties. 31,32 More interestingly, these special properties can be tunable upon integrating various substituents on all the nitrogen and carbon atoms of the skeleton, thereby further facilitating the use of 1,2,4-triazoles for a broad panel of applications.…”

“…Many attempts have therefore been realized to either further developing of new triazole classes [33][34][35] or integrating them with other potential materials for forming novel composites so far. 30,36,37 Interestingly, covalent anchoring of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives onto solid surfaces is assigned as a promising strategy to create novel functional materials due to its two-fold effect, namely (i) full utilization of unique properties of triazoles and (ii) maximized durability of fabricated materials resulted from their robust interaction via covalent linkers. Nevertheless, there a few studies focusing on this approach have been reported so far.…”

“…Nevertheless, there a few studies focusing on this approach have been reported so far. 30,38,39 Particularly, as far as we are aware, on the study at the molecular level of covalent functionalization of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives onto layered material surfaces including graphene has not been addressed yet.…”