Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot prospective study

Yang, Ran; Wang, Xinyi; Niu, Yingli; Chen, Xianggui; Shao, Bing

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.107993

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The APGC source was utilized in the present study for OLEM detection, which is unique from most of the other literature, where EI sources were used. As shown in Table S7, the LODs of OLEMs in this study ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 ng/mL, with a median of 0.006 ng/mL, which are comparable to those reported in studies where the APGC source was also used (LODs ranged from 0.01 to 0.04 ng/mL with a median of 0.01 ng/mL) . On the other hand, the LODs in this study were lower than those reported in the studies using EI sources, , which range from 0.01 to 0.96 ng/mL with a median of 0.11 ng/mL.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…It has been reported in fish samples, including grunt and sea bass, with mean concentrations of 0.21 ± 0.36 and 0.29 ± 0.58 ng/g ww, respectively . FBAs, OLEM-11, OLEM-19, and OLEM-24 were detected in human milk collected from residential areas in Beijing with DFs of 36.6, 91.4, and 17.2% and concentrations ranging from ND to 18.51 ng/g lw, N.D. to 2.82 × 10 4 ng/g lw, and ND to 17.97 ng/g lw, respectively . The levels of OLEMs observed in the present study were comparable to the concentrations of typical organic pollutants with similar structures, such as PBDEs and PCBs, which were previously documented in the same region (Text S7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Nonpolar pollutants have the capability to bond with lipids in human milk, transferring from mother to child during breastfeeding . The presence of some fluorinated LCMs, which have fluorinated biphenyl structures, was reported in a recent study with median concentrations of 12.00 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 133.40 ng/g lipid weight (lw) . This underscores the growing necessity for a comprehensive study of the contamination of various kinds of organic light-emitting materials, a subject that has not been extensively explored to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Materials in Breast Milk by Target and Suspect Screening

Zheng,

Wang,

Luo

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Organic light-emitting materials (OLEMs) are emerging contaminants in the environment and have been detected in various environment samples. However, limited information is available regarding their contamination within the human body. Here, we developed a novel QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method coupled with triple quadrupole/high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine OLEMs in breast milk samples, employing both target and suspect screening strategies. Our analysis uncovered the presence of seven out of the 39 targeted OLEMs in breast milk samples, comprising five liquid crystal monomers and two OLEMs commonly used in organic light-emitting diode displays. The cumulative concentrations of the seven OLEMs in each breast milk sample ranged from ND to 1.67 × 103 ng/g lipid weight, with a mean and median concentration of 78.76 and 0.71 ng/g lipid weight, respectively, which were higher compared to that of typical organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. We calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI) rates of OLEMs for infants aged 0–12 months, and the mean EDI rates during lactation were estimated to range from 30.37 to 54.89 ng/kg bw/day. Employing a suspect screening approach, we additionally identified 66 potential OLEMs, and two of them, cholesteryl hydrogen phthalate and cholesteryl benzoate, were further confirmed using pure reference standards. These two substances belong to cholesteric liquid crystal materials and raise concerns about potential endocrine-disrupting effects, as indicated by in silico predictive models. Overall, our present study established a robust method for the identification of OLEMs in breast milk samples, shedding light on their presence in the human body. These findings indicate human exposure to OLEMs that should be further investigated, including their health risks.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comprehensive Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Materials in Breast Milk by Target and Suspect Screening

Zheng,

Wang,

Luo

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…Evidence has emerged that humans are exposed to LCMs in various ways, such as skin exposure, 8 serum carrying, 12 dietary intake, 13 and breastfeeding. 14 Undoubtedly, LCMs are potential risk factors for the ecological environment and human health. Up until now, limited studies have been carried out regarding the biological effects and health risks of LCMs.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, available data has indicated that LCMs are widely present in various environmental matrices, including air, dust from indoors and outdoors, , sediment from river and coast, , as well as leachate from landfills, whose concentrations were at comparable levels compared to other more concerning organic pollutants. Evidence has emerged that humans are exposed to LCMs in various ways, such as skin exposure, serum carrying, dietary intake, and breastfeeding . Undoubtedly, LCMs are potential risk factors for the ecological environment and human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Assessment of Environmental Liquid Crystal Monomers: A Bacteriological Investigation on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Huang,

Ruan,

Fang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The widespread existence of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in various environmental matrices has been demonstrated, yet studies on the toxicological effects of LCMs are considerably scarce and are urgently needed to be conducted to assess the adverse impacts on ecology and human health. Here, we conducted a bacteriological study on two representative human commensal bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), to investigate the effect of LCMs at human-relevant dosage and maximum environmental concentration on growth, metabolome, enzymatic activity, and mRNA expression. Microbial growth results exhibited that the highest inhibition ratio of LCMs on S. epidermidis reached 33.6% in our set concentration range, while the corresponding data on E. coli was only 14.3%. Additionally, LCMs showed more dose-dependent toxicity to S. epidermidis rather than E. coli. A novel in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was applied to capture the in vivo metabolites of microorganisms. In vivo metabolomic analyses revealed that dysregulated fatty acid metabolism-related products of both bacteria accounted for >50% of the total number of differential substances, and the results also showed the species-specific and concentration-dependent metabolic dysregulation in LCM-exposed bacteria. The determination of enzymatic activity and mRNA relative expression levels related to oxidative stress confirmed our speculation that the adverse effects were related to the oxidative metabolism of fatty acids. This study complements the gaps in toxicity data for LCMs against bacteria and provides a new and important insight regarding metabolic dysregulation induced by environmental LCMs in human commensal bacteria.

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Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in indoor residential dust from Beijing, China: occurrence and human exposure

Li,

Lyu,

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers in paired breast milk and indoor dust: A pilot prospective study

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Comprehensive Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Materials in Breast Milk by Target and Suspect Screening

Comprehensive Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Materials in Breast Milk by Target and Suspect Screening

Toxicity Assessment of Environmental Liquid Crystal Monomers: A Bacteriological Investigation on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in indoor residential dust from Beijing, China: occurrence and human exposure

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