Fluorinated Ionic Liquids: Properties and Applications

Abstract

Ionic liquids have become a green media for engineering applications due to exceptional physicochemical properties, such as their practically nonvolatile nature, null flammability, low melting point, high ionic conductivity, and thermal and electrochemical stability. This work aimed to select the best fluorinated ionic liquids for the following applications: recovery/recycling of perfluorocarbon contaminants such as greenhouse perfluorocarbons gases and perfluoroalkyl acids of industrial effluents that are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic, and the partial or total replacement of inert perfluorocarbons in oxygen therapeutic emulsions by enhancing the emulsion stability and increasing the solubility of respiratory gas. With this dual goal in mind, thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) and their toxicity and biocompatibility are discussed so that the feasibility of the proposed applications can be evaluated. Herein, FILs are defined as ionic liquids with fluorinated chain lengths equal or greater than four carbon atoms. This paper provides a critical review of the experimental data for fluorinated ionic liquids available in the literature, and subsequently, with the aim of expanding knowledge of FILs, eight new fluorinated ionic liquids were selected for characterization. The attained results will clearly impact applications using polyfluorinated compounds.

A thermophysical and structural characterization of ionic liquids with alkyl and perfluoroalkyl side chains

“…12 FILs present many of the unique properties of fluorocarbon compounds, like their capacity of dissolving gases 13 , low surface tension 13,14 , low intensity interactions with organic compounds and low toxicity for different cell lines. 11 These properties, in addition to the different possible arrangements of the three domains, enable us to design the best fluid for a desired application. The uses of FILs may be related to the recovery/recycling of perfluorocarbons contaminants.…”

“…The uses of FILs may be related to the recovery/recycling of perfluorocarbons contaminants. 11 Furthermore, these fluorinated compounds could also be applied as refrigerants, surfactants, polymers, components of pharmaceuticals, fire retardants and insecticides. 15 Another possible powerful application of non-toxic FILs may be related to biomedical applications where these compounds may be used as gas carriers in liquid ventilation and intravenous formulations by enhancing the emulsion stability and increasing the solubility of respiratory gases.…”

“…15 Another possible powerful application of non-toxic FILs may be related to biomedical applications where these compounds may be used as gas carriers in liquid ventilation and intravenous formulations by enhancing the emulsion stability and increasing the solubility of respiratory gases. 11,13,16,17 This work provides comparisons between several thermophysical properties of different FILs based on alkylmethylimidazolium cations, [C n C 1 Im] + , conjugated with different perfluorosulfonate and perfluorocarboxylate anions, [C n F 2n+1 SO 3 ] and [C n F 2n+1 CO 2 ], respectively. These compounds are both illustrated in Fig.…”

N -Methylimidazolium perchlorate as a new ionic liquid for the synthesis of bis(pyrazol-5-ol)s under solvent-free conditions

“…Fluorinated ionic liquids were investigated for recovery/recycling of perfluorocarbon contaminants such as greenhouse perfluorocarbons gases and perfluoroalkyl acids of industrial effluents that are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. The partial or total replacement of inert perfluorocarbons in oxygen therapeutic emulsions was achieved by enhancing the emulsion stability and increasing the solubility of respiratory gas [2]. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate, [BMIM] [ClO 4 ] was used as a reducing agent to upgrade a selected heavy oil [3].…”

Synthesis and Sorption Analysis of Task-specific Fluorous Ionic Liquids

“…The principles of balanced amphiphilicity [36] suggest that a wide range of orthogonal affinity profiles are feasible, as applied in surfactants design [37]. The general concepts of potential recycling of anthropogenic fluorous pollutants using fluorophilic ILs have been reviewed very recently [38]. Based on above considerations, the aim of this work [39] was to devise a TSIL for the efficient recovery of the expensive and volatile HFEs from industrial effluents and exhaust gas streams.…”