“…Detection of carbamate pesticides was generally carried out by gas chromatography (Cavaliere, Monteleone, Naccarato, Sindona, & Tagarelli, 2012), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Song, Shi, & Chen, 2013), flow-injection chemiluminescence (Sanchez- Barragan, Karim, Costa-Fernadez, Piletsky, & Sanz-Medel, 2007), fluorimetry (Veglia, 2000) and competitive immunoassays and immunosensors (March, Manclus, Jimenez, Arnau, & Montoya, 2009;Sun, Du, & Wang, 2012). However, some of these techniques are time consuming and often require expensive instrumentation and toxic organic reagents, making them complicated and thus unsuitable for field routine operation.…”