Fluorides vs. Fluosilicates as Insecticides

Roark, R. C.

doi:10.1126/science.63.1634.431

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Besides copper, silica and titania sols have been reported to protect against attack from brown-rot fungi. , Unleached wood specimens treated with titanium alkoxide had mass losses up to 5% against C. puteana . Another set of compounds known for their toxicity against insects and fungi are fluorides such as sodium fluoride and fluosilicates. , Similar to copper, these water-soluble compounds need to be combined with fixatives such as chromium to reduce their leaching into the environment, as higher concentration of fluorides in water can be toxic in the environment . Instead of using fixatives, fluorides with low water solubility can be used, which will be less susceptible to leaching.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Instead of using fixatives, fluorides with low water solubility can be used, which will be less susceptible to leaching. Incidentally, low water-soluble fluorides were suggested as a potential alternative to fluosilicates in 1926, although review of current literature of wood preservatives does not report results on low water-soluble fluorides such as MgF 2 and CaF 2 . ,, A potential explanation would be the challenge in impregnating such inorganic fluorides into wood, as they have low water solubility. However, our results show that if these fluorides are synthesized as nanoparticles they are able to penetrate into wood.…”

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Nano Metal Fluorides for Wood Protection against Fungi

Usmani

Stephan

Hübert

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Wood treated with nano metal fluorides is found to resist fungal decay. Sol−gel synthesis was used to synthesize MgF 2 and CaF 2 nanoparticles. Electron microscopy images confirmed the localization of MgF 2 and CaF 2 nanoparticles in wood. Efficacy of nano metal fluoride-treated wood was tested against brown-rot fungi Coniophora puteana and Rhodonia placenta. Untreated wood specimens had higher mass losses (∼30%) compared to treated specimens, which had average mass loss of 2% against C. puteana and 14% against R. placenta, respectively. Nano metal fluorides provide a viable alternative to current wood preservatives.

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confidence: 99%

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Nano Metal Fluorides for Wood Protection against Fungi

Usmani

Stephan

Hübert

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…Usually, copper-and chromium-based compounds are very active wood preservation agents but there are environmental reservations against the use of such compounds [103]. An alternative set of compounds known for their toxicity against insects and fungi are fluorides such as sodium fluoride and fluosilicates [104,105]. Unfortunately, similar to copper, these water-soluble compounds need to be combined with fixatives such as chromium to reduce their leaching into the environment as higher concentration of fluorides in water can be toxic to the environment [106].…”

Section: Biocidal Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, similar to copper, these water-soluble compounds need to be combined with fixatives such as chromium to reduce their leaching into the environment as higher concentration of fluorides in water can be toxic to the environment [106]. Instead of using fixatives, fluorides with low water solubility would be interesting alternatives since they should not undergo leaching or only to a low extent [104]. However, to introduce such low soluble fluorides into cellulose, small nanoparticles are needed which might be able to penetrate into wood and may create a "fluoride reservoir" inside the wood cells from which there is a controlled release of fluoride ions over a long time period dependent on the solubility of the fluoride compounds.…”

Section: Biocidal Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano metal fluorides: small particles with great properties

2020

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The recently developed fluorolytic sol–gel route to metal fluorides opens a very broad range of both scientific and technical applications of the accessible high surface area metal fluorides, many of which have already been applied or tested. Specific chemical properties such as high Lewis acidity and physical properties such as high surface area, mesoporosity and nanosize as well as the possibility to apply metal fluorides on surfaces via a non-aqueous sol make the fluorolytic synthesis route a very versatile one. The scope of its scientific and technical use and the state of the art are presented.

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“…The high leaching susceptibility of NaF is expected because of its high water solubility of 40 g/L (Roark 1926). Therefore, in the past, fluoride was combined with co-biocides to reduce its leaching and increase the biocide efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Termite resistance of pine wood treated with nano metal fluorides

et al. 2020

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Fluorides are well-known as wood preservatives. One of the limitations of fluoride-based wood preservatives is their high leachability. Alternative to current fluoride salts such as NaF used in wood protection are low water-soluble fluorides. However, impregnation of low water-soluble fluorides into wood poses a challenge. To address this challenge, low water-soluble fluorides like calcium fluoride (CaF 2) and magnesium fluoride (MgF 2) were synthesized as nanoparticles via the fluorolytic sol−gel synthesis and then impregnated into wood specimens. In this study, the toxicity of nano metal fluorides was assessed by termite mortality, mass loss and visual analysis of treated specimens after eight weeks of exposure to termites, Coptotermes formosanus. Nano metal fluorides with sol concentrations of 0.5 M and higher were found to be effective against termites resulting in 100% termite mortality and significantly inhibited termite feeding. Among the formulations tested, the least damage was found for specimens treated with combinations of CaF 2 and MgF 2 with an average mass loss less than 1% and visual rating of "1". These results demonstrate the efficacy of low water-soluble nano metal fluorides to protect wood from termite attack.

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Fluorides vs. Fluosilicates as Insecticides

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Nano Metal Fluorides for Wood Protection against Fungi

Nano Metal Fluorides for Wood Protection against Fungi

Nano metal fluorides: small particles with great properties

Termite resistance of pine wood treated with nano metal fluorides

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