Fluoride Therapy

and, Hardy Limeback; Robinson, C.

doi:10.1002/9781118703762.ch16

Cited by 6 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…It is inexplicable that neither Griffin et al 10 nor other similar studies ( Appendix 2 ) mention dental fluorosis, defective enamel in permanent teeth due to childhood overexposure to fluoride. 44 , 45 Community water fluoridation, in the absence of other fluoride sources, was expected to result in a prevalence of mild-to-very-mild (cosmetic) dental fluorosis in about 10% of the population and almost no cases of moderate or severe dental fluorosis. 46 However, in the 1999–2004 NHANES survey, 41% of U.S. children ages 12–15 years were found to have dental fluorosis, including 3.6% with moderate or severe fluorosis.…”

Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dental fluorosis is classified by the severity of the discoloration, the presence of pitting, and the extent of the tooth surfaces affected. 44 , 45 vii Although bleaching and microabrasion can be used to improve the appearance of milder cases of fluorosis, moderate and severe dental fluorosis can require extensive treatment to improve the cosmetic appearance and prevent further loss of enamel. 44 , 45 Treatment options include applications of veneers or crowns.…”

Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44 , 45 vii Although bleaching and microabrasion can be used to improve the appearance of milder cases of fluorosis, moderate and severe dental fluorosis can require extensive treatment to improve the cosmetic appearance and prevent further loss of enamel. 44 , 45 Treatment options include applications of veneers or crowns. Porcelain veneers may cost more than composite resin veneers ($800–$2,500 vs. $250–$1,500), but they require less frequent replacement (10–15 vs. 5–7 years).…”

Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…viii Both the prevalence and the severity of dental fluorosis are correlated with the fluoride concentration in drinking water. 45 , 49 , 55 If all of the cases of moderate and severe dental fluorosis occurred in fluoridated rather than nonfluoridated areas, then at least 6% of children in fluoridated areas would have moderate or severe fluorosis. ix For our calculations, we have assumed that 5% of children in fluoridated areas have moderate or severe fluorosis.…”

Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly, this approach introduces a probable bias if the two exposures (to caries and to CWF) are not independent. Evidence indicates that ingested fluoride may delay tooth eruption, 44 , 45 , 85 which would affect caries scoring by giving the appearance of less decay for a given age. 44 , 45 Komárek et al 86 used data for actual tooth eruption time and found no convincing effect of fluoride intake on caries development.…”

Section: Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A critique of recent economic evaluations of community water fluoridation

Lee

Thiessen

2014

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Background:Although community water fluoridation (CWF) results in a range of potential contaminant exposures, little attention has been given to many of the possible impacts. A central argument for CWF is its cost-effectiveness. The U.S. Government states that $1 spent on CWF saves $38 in dental treatment costs.Objective:To examine the reported cost-effectiveness of CWF.Methods:Methods and underlying data from the primary U.S. economic evaluation of CWF are analyzed and corrected calculations are described. Other recent economic evaluations are also examined.Results:Recent economic evaluations of CWF contain defective estimations of both costs and benefits. Incorrect handling of dental treatment costs and flawed estimates of effectiveness lead to overestimated benefits. The real-world costs to water treatment plants and communities are not reflected.Conclusions: Minimal correction reduced the savings to $3 per person per year (PPPY) for a best-case scenario, but this savings is eliminated by the estimated cost of treating dental fluorosis.

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Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A critique of recent economic evaluations of community water fluoridation

Lee

Thiessen

2014

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Early Childhood Caries: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Prevention

Meyer

Enax

2018

International Journal of Dentistry

138

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Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide. ECC is driven by a dysbiotic state of oral microorganisms mainly caused by a sugar-rich diet. Additionally, poor oral hygiene or insufficient dental plaque removal leads to the rapid progression of ECC. ECC leads not only to dental destruction and pain with children, but also affects the quality of life of the caregivers. Children with extensive ECC are at high risk to develop caries with the permanent dentition or will have other problems with speaking and/or eating. To prevent ECC, several strategies should be taken into account. Children should brush their teeth with toothpastes containing gentle ingredients, such as mild surfactants and agents showing antiadherent properties regarding oral microorganisms. Parents/caregivers have to help their children with brushing the teeth. Furthermore, remineralizing and nontoxic agents should be included into the toothpaste formulation. Two promising biomimetic agents for children's oral care are amorphous calcium phosphate [Cax(PO4)yn H2O] and hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)].

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Overview of Calcium Phosphates used in Biomimetic Oral Care

Meyer¹,

Amaechi²,

Fabritius³

et al. 2018

TODENTJ

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Background:The use of biomimetic agents is an emerging field in modern oral care. Promising biomimetic substances for such applications are calcium phosphates, because their chemical composition is very similar to that of the mineral phase in human teeth, especially of natural enamel. Examples for their application include the remineralization of early caries lesions and repair of small enamel defects.Objective:This review provides an interdisciplinary view on calcium phosphates and their applications in biomimetic oral care. The aim of this work is to give an overview of in vivo and in situ studies comparing several calcium phosphates in preventive dentistry that can be used as a knowledge base for the development of innovative alternative oral care concepts.Methods:Books, reviews, and original research papers with a focus on in vivo and in situ studies were included. The databases PubMed® and SciFinder® were used for literature search. Calcium phosphates that are frequently utilized in oral care products are covered in this review and were used as search terms alone and together with the following key words: in vivo, in situ, caries, clinical study, and remineralization. From 13,470 studies found, 35 studies complied with the inclusion criteria and were used for this review.Results:Published in vivo and in situ studies demonstrate calcium phosphates’ potential in enamel remineralization. However, more studies are needed to further substantiate existing results and to extend and refine the application of calcium phosphates in modern oral care.Conclusion:Calcium phosphates represent an innovative biomimetic approach for daily oral care because of their high similarity to natural enamel that will broaden the range of future treatments in preventive dentistry.

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Fluoride Therapy

Cited by 6 publications

References 156 publications

A critique of recent economic evaluations of community water fluoridation

A critique of recent economic evaluations of community water fluoridation

Early Childhood Caries: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Prevention

Overview of Calcium Phosphates used in Biomimetic Oral Care

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