Fluoride Salts and Container Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Applications in the Temperature Range 973 – 1400 K

Misra, Ajay; Whittenberger, J. D.

doi:10.2514/6.1987-9226

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…An alternative fluoride composition, NaF-13MgF 2 -22CaF 2 , melts at 1027 K (Misra and Whittenberger, 1987). That is 50 K lower than NaF-16KF-20MgF 2 , but still higher than magnesium's freezing point, so much the same actinide-soot-gathering and bead-forming behaviour can be expected of it.…”

Section: Central Station Deoxidationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The fluoride particles might be 16 mole parts sodium fluoride, four parts potassium fluoride, and five parts magnesium fluoride, a composition sometimes referred to as NaF-16KF-20MgF 2 . It melts at 1077 K (Misra and Whittenberger, 1987). The amount thrown into the descending flame would be adjusted so as to end up above this temperature, in the hope that the particles of actinide soot would end up inside its droplets, and there give up some fission fragments to it (Lemort, 1997):…”

Section: Central Station Deoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How fire can be tamed

Cowan¹

2008

IJNHPA

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Combustion dies at the interface between breathable air and macroscopic pieces of certain involatile fuels. If fed only them, in a compressed oxygen chamber, it makes an almost sunlike flame that cannot run wild. If upon dilution to manageable coolness the ash drops to the chamber bottom, and from there can be removed without the diluent, true harnessbrokenness is possible. Excess oxygen can be the diluent without thereby being wasted. It can rid itself of the diluted flame's heat, and spare many trees from becoming newsprint bearing motor fuel mishap reports, by working in a thermodynamic cycle. Some ashes, especially boria, both precipitate well from the diluted flame and travel well. By visiting faraway solar or fission power stations, and returning to the chamber as regenerated fuel, they can make combustion both docile, and subsidiary to docile primary energies.

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Section: Central Station Deoxidationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Central Station Deoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How fire can be tamed

Cowan¹

2008

IJNHPA

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“…Misra and Whittenberger investigated the compatibility between different alloys and fluorides: 80.5%LiF‐19.5%CaF 2 (% by weight, melting point: 769 °C) and 37%NaF‐27%CaF 2 ‐36%MgF 2 (% by weight, melting point: 905 °C) in an argon atmosphere. Long‐term tests (500 h) were carried out at temperatures 25 °C above the melting temperatures of the salts.…”

Section: Latent Heat Storage Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Heat Storage: Storage Materials, Heat Transfer, and Applications

Ghaib

2017

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Phase change materials are frequently used in thermal storage systems due to their large latent heat und isothermal nature. This paper discusses different phase change materials. Techniques for improving their thermophysical properties are highlighted.Their corrosive effects on the stability of construction materials are approached. Finally, different applications, in which the phase change materials are used, are presented. ChemBioEng Rev 2017, 4, No. 4, 215-224 216 Fatty acid Caprilic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid --Sugar alcohol Xylitol, D-sorbitol Erythritol, D-mannitol, galactitol -Eutectics 60 % tetradecane + 40 % pentadecane, 66 % lauric acid + 34 % myristic acid -www.ChemBioEngRev.de

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“…Molten fluoride salts (FLiNaK, FLiBe) are considered better due to high‐heat capacity, very low vapor pressure and water similar fluid properties (density, viscosity) at high operating temperatures of a nuclear reactor. However, the challenge is extremely high corrosion with molten fluoride salts . From our previous work typical corrosion rates of high‐temperature alloys like Hastelloy‐B, Inconel‐625, and Hastelloy‐X in FLiNaK at 650°C are 3.02, 23.70, and 37.50 mm/year, respectively .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretest in forced circulation molten salt heat transfer loop: Studies with thermia‐B

Gajbhiye

Sona

Mathpati

et al. 2019

Heat Trans. Asian Res.

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Molten salts have potential application as an efficient heat transfer medium in a primary and secondary heat exchanger in high temperature next-generation nuclear power plant. Thermal hydraulic studies are vital for reliable and cost-effective design of the nuclear power plant. Therefore heat transfer study of molten salts will play a vital role in this area. In this work, an experimental system was designed to study thermal hydraulics of the molten salt system up to 700°C. This work describes the pretest results of the experimental facility for extremely corrosive molten fluoride salts with a simulant thermia-B as the working fluid. In the present work, the details of the system are discussed and thermal-hydraulic data for heat transfer fluid thermia-B has been presented. Experiments were carried out at Reynolds number in the range of 4500 to 40 500 and Prandtl number in the range of 34 to 144.Effect of Reynolds number, melting tank temperature, and heat input to test section on forced convective heat transfer was studied under turbulent conditions. Comparison of the experimental data with different empirical correlations has been presented.Abbreviations: CFD, computational fluid dynamic; ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy; LES, large eddy simulations; MFR, mass flow rates; NGNP, next-generation nuclear plant; PLC, programmable logic controller; RTD, resistance temperature detectors; SCADA, supervisory control and data acquisition; VFD, variable frequency drive; WTMM, wavelet transform modulus maxima. K E Y W O R D S molten salt heat transfer loop, Nusselt number, Reynolds number, thermic fluid, turbulent flow, wall heat flux 1 | INTRODUCTION Per capita, energy consumption relates directly to the overall development of any nation. As per the recent data (2016) per capita, the energy consumption of the United States is 1377 W, Russia is 854 W, France is 736 W, Australia is 1112 W, China is 510 W, and India is 128 W. Therefore, energy is an essential input for the sustained growth in development. The answer to this high and cost-effective energy requirement in future is nuclear power energy. Nuclear power is the cleanest form of mass-energy generation, producing no greenhouse gases like CO 2 , SO 2 , and ash. Nuclear reactors can produce tremendous heat which can be utilized for the production of electricity with high conversion efficiency. Also, due to depletion in fossil fuels, there will be a great demand for alternative cleaner energy resource such as hydrogen. Hydrogen production processes such as thermochemical water splitting and electrolysis require temperatures above 750°C. This high-temperature heat can be obtained from nuclear reactors. But present operational nuclear reactors have maximum outlet temperatures between 300°C and 650°C. 1 Hence, the hydrogen production plant is considered as a major unit coupled with nextgeneration nuclear reactors which are proposed for cogeneration of electricity and hydrogen. The possible heat transfer medium for next-generation nuclear rea...

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Fluoride Salts and Container Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Applications in the Temperature Range 973 – 1400 K

Abstract: AIAA-87-9226 4. Tltle and Subtitle 5. Report Date Fluoride Salts and Container Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Applications in the Temperature Range 973 to 1400 K 6. Performlng Organization Code 506-41 -3A 7. Author@) 8. Performing Organlzatlon Report NO.

Cited by 58 publications

References 10 publications

How fire can be tamed

How fire can be tamed

Latent Heat Storage: Storage Materials, Heat Transfer, and Applications

Pretest in forced circulation molten salt heat transfer loop: Studies with thermia‐B

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