Fluoride release from two types of fluoride-containing orthodontic adhesives: Conventional versus resin-modified glass ionomer cements—An in vitro study

Abstract

Introduction Development of white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment is a common risk factor. Fixation of the orthodontic appliances with glass ionomer cements could reduce the prevalence of WSL’s due to their fluoride release capacities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences of fluoride release properties from resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs). Methods The resin-modified GICs Fuji ORTHO LC (GC Orthodontics), Meron Plus QM (VOCO), as well as the conventional GICs Fuji ORTHO (GC Orthodontics), Meron (VOCO) and Ketac Cem Easymix (3M ESPE) were tested in this study. The different types of GICs were applied to hydroxyapatite discs according to the manufacturer’s instructions and stored in a solution of TISAB III (Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer III) and fluoride-free water at 37°C. Fluoride measurements were made after 5 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours, 14 days, 28 days, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months. One factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the overall comparison of the cumulative fluoride release (from measurement times of 5 minutes to 6 months) between the different materials with the overall level of significance set to 0.05. Tukey’s post hoc test was used for post hoc pairwise comparisons in the cumulative fluoride release between the different materials. Results The cumulative fluoride release (mean ± sd) in descending order was: Fuji ORTHO LC (221.7 ± 10.29 ppm), Fuji ORTHO (191.5 ± 15.03 ppm), Meron Plus QM (173.0 ± 5.89 ppm), Meron (161.3 ± 7.84 ppm) and Ketac Cem Easymix (154.6 ± 6.09 ppm) within 6 months. Analysis of variance detected a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release between at least two of the materials (rounded p-value < 0.001). Pairwise analysis with Tukey’s post hoc test showed a significant difference in the cumulative fluoride release for all the comparisons except M and MPQM (p = 0.061) and KCE and M (p = 0.517). Conclusion Fluoride ions were released cumulatively over the entire test period for all products. When comparing the two products from the same company (Fuji ORTHO LC vs. Fuji ORTHO from GC Orthodontics Europe GmbH and Meron Plus QM vs. Meron from VOCO GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), it can be said that the resin-modified GICs have a higher release than conventional GICs. The highest individual fluoride release of all GICs was at 24 hours. A general statement, whether resin-modified or conventional GICs have a higher release of fluoride cannot be made.

Improving the Antibacterial Properties of Dental Bonding Materials Loaded with Silver Compounds

“…The inhibition surface was the same in both cases and corresponded to the exact area of contact of the sample with the plate, which suggests that a bactericidal effect had been produced in that area by direct contact and that this effect was achieved by the material itself and not attributable to the chitosan, since the surface was the same in both cases. This antibacterial capacity of GIC alone is detailed both in the product specifications [31] and in different publications [32,33]. However, in the present investigation, it was not possible to detect a clear bactericidal effect of the control material, as occurs with the silver carbonate or inorganic glass samples with encapsulated silver, only an inhibition of bacterial growth in the contact zone (Figure 2).…”

Dual function of anti-biofilm and modulating biofilm equilibrium of orthodontic cement containing quaternary ammonium salt

“…Although many in vitro experiments showed RMGI can reduce WSL, studies in vivo found that the clinical incidence of WSL using RMGI were still high compared with patients without orthodontic treatment 5) . The contradictive studies considered that RMGI could increase the fluorine ions around the orthodontic cement, but had no significant effect on suppressing bacterial growth and acid production 31,32) . Therefore, modifying RMGI to inhibit biofilm growth have been focused on which was achieved by adding DMAHDM in this study.…”

Comparative Evaluation of Fluoride Release from Four Commercially Available Pediatric Dental Restorative Materials

“…Around 20 mL of the previous solution from the polyethylene bottle and 1 mL of DI water used for washing the disk were mixed with an equal amount of total ionic strength adjustment buffer (TISAB II). 13 This was then moved to the polyethylene container into which a magnetic stirrer was placed. Fluoride concentration was recorded in ppm by dipping the electrode ( Fig.…”

“…TISAB II is used to decomplex the fluoride ions, to provide a constant background ionic strength, and to hold the pH of water between 5.0 and 5.5 as the fluoride ion selective electrode is sensitive to changes in pH. 13 Similar steps were followed for the 1st, 3rd, 7, 15, and 30th day and the electrode.…”