Fluoride levels in commercially available rice in Ethiopia

Tegegne, B.; Chandravanshi, Bhagwan Singh; Zewge, Feleke

doi:10.4314/bcse.v27i2.3

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Analysis of raw Chinese rice showed a relationship between minerals which can be represented as Zn > Mn > Cu > Fe [ 50 ]. In turn, for Ethiopian rice, it was Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake and Content of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in Selected Cereal Products Marketed in Poland

Winiarska-Mieczan

Kowalczuk-Vasilev

Kwiatkowska

et al. 2018

Biol Trace Elem Res

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This paper aims to verify whether cereal products are a good source of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in the diets of Poles. The study material comprised of 445 cereal products including baked goods, breakfast cereals and groats, pasta, and rice. Products that required culinary treatment (pasta, groats, rice) were boiled in drinking quality water as recommended by the producer. The content of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn was determined by using the FAAS method. The average content of microelements in the analyzed products can be represented as Fe (17.9 mg kg ± 10.3) > Zn (12.4 mg kg ± 5.2) > Mn (9.6 mg kg ± 6.7) > Cu (3.9 mg kg ± 2.9). Considering the daily requirement of the analyzed minerals among adult Poles, it was determined that cereal products supply 58% RDA Cu, 61% AI Mn (men)-78% AI Mn (women), 19% RDA Fe (women)-34% RDA Fe (men), and 16% RDA Zn (men)-22% RDA Fe (women). Baked goods account for as much as about 90% of all Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn consumed as cereal products in a daily diet. Based on the results, it can be concluded that cereal products are the main source of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in the diets of Poles. In connection with low assimilability of minerals, they should not be considered the fundamental source of those microelements in the diets of Poles.

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“…Analysis of raw Chinese rice showed a relationship between minerals which can be represented as Zn > Mn > Cu > Fe [ 50 ]. In turn, for Ethiopian rice, it was Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake and Content of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in Selected Cereal Products Marketed in Poland

Winiarska-Mieczan

Kowalczuk-Vasilev

Kwiatkowska

et al. 2018

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…0.3-0.46 g K, 0.19-0.36 g Mg and 0.09-0.16 g Ca per 1 kg. Cooked Ethiopian rice contained K (1.01 g kg −1 dry weight) > Ca (0.24 g kg −1 dry weight) > Mg (0.13 g kg −1 dry weight) [18]. However, studies carried out by Rybicka et al [19] revealed that some gluten-free breads (with a significant share of corn flour) contained K > Ca > Mg, which is difficult to explain as corn flour, like other types of flour, contains more Mg than Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Cereal Products Be an Essential Source of Ca, Mg and K in the Deficient Diets of Poles?

Winiarska-Mieczan

Zaricka

Kwiecień

et al. 2019

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The studies aimed to evaluate the significance of cereal products as an essential source of Ca, Mg and K in the diets of Poles. The study covered 226 groups of cereal products most popular in Poland: bread, bread rolls, cooked pasta, cooked grains and cooked rice. The content of Ca, Mg and K was determined by means of FAAS. In addition, considering the recommended daily intake of K, Ca and Mg for the Polish population of adults, the percentage share of respective products in daily supply of these minerals was determined. The content of the above-mentioned minerals in all analysed cereal products can be presented as K > Mg > Ca. Intake of cereal products covers the requirement of K, Mg and Ca among adult Poles, respectively, in ca. 9%, ca. 12 (men)-15 (women) % and ca. 3%. The best source of K, Mg and Ca is bread which in the daily diets of Poles supplies more than 90% of minerals consumed with cereal products. It can be claimed that cereal products are a poor source of Ca, but they supply significant amounts of K and Mg in the diets of Poles, especially given that deficiency of such minerals is common in Poland. It would be important to consider obligatory fortification of flour with minerals which are deficient in the diets of Poles.

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“…The total exposure of fluoride depends on the contributions from various sources, such as drinking water, water-based beverages, foods, food supplements, toothpaste, and air [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Which means foods, beverages, carbonated soft drinks, and dental products are considered as the main sources of fluoride intake for children above one years of age [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food sources contain various concentrations of fluoride and are the largest contributor to fluoride exposure [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Soft drinks contribute the fluoride intake by the people who regularly consume Coca Cola, Pepsi, Mirinda, Fanta and Sprite [6,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of fluoride in bottled soft drinks marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Kassahun¹,

Chandravanshi²

2019

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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The main objective of this study was to determine the levels of fluoride in soft drinks (Coca Cola, Pepsi, Mirinda, Fanta and Sprite) marketed and widely consumed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Three glass-bottled and three plastic-bottled soft drink samples from each brand were purchased randomly from Arat Kilo, Shiromeda and Shola supermarkets, kiosk and tea houses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Levels of fluoride in the soft drink samples were determined by fluoride ion selective electrode. The method was validated by spiking test which provided percentage recoveries of fluoride in the soft drinks in the range 9196%. The mean fluoride concentration (mg/L) in the glass-bottled and plastic-bottled soft drink samples, respectively, were: Coca Cola (0.03±0.01, 0.06±0.01), Pepsi (0.23±0.01, 0.10±0.01), Mirinda (0.21±0.02, 0.09±0.01), Fanta (0.03±0.01, 0.05±0.01) and Sprite (0.04±0.01, 0.27±0.01). Pearson correlation showed that the levels of fluoride in the soft drinks were found to correlate positively with each other, which indicates similar source of main component (the water used for dilution). The low levels of fluoride in the soft drinks may not impose health risk in the adults but excessive consumption of soft drinks regularly by the children may result in dental fluorosis.

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Fluoride levels in commercially available rice in Ethiopia

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Dietary Intake and Content of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in Selected Cereal Products Marketed in Poland

Dietary Intake and Content of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in Selected Cereal Products Marketed in Poland

Can Cereal Products Be an Essential Source of Ca, Mg and K in the Deficient Diets of Poles?

Levels of fluoride in bottled soft drinks marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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