Fluoride concentrations of milk, infant formulae, and soy‐based products commercially available in <scp>B</scp>razil

Nagata, Mariana Emi; Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo; Kondo, Karina Yuri; Castro, Luciene Pereira de; Hall, Kevin Bruce; Percinoto, Célio; Aguiar, Sandra Maria Herondina Coelho Ávila de; Pessan, Juliano Pelim

doi:10.1111/jphd.12121

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some groups have performed preliminary studies on the fluoride content of the soy milk beverages. In a recent study by Nagata et al 22 , soy milks available in Brazil were found to have an average fluoride concentration of 2.52 ppm, which is significantly higher than concentrations found in the present study (0.18 ppm). Conversely, fluoride concentrations of soy milks available in the United Kingdom have an average fluoride concentration of 0.29 ppm 26 , which is similar to the findings of the current study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…The highest fluoride concentrations were found in almond milks (with the exception of MPC) and the cashew milks and the least fluoride concentrations were found in rice milk (RDR) and pecan milk (MMP). Bovine whole milk (COW) possesses relatively low amount of fluoride which is well documented in the literature 21 and consistent with some of the recent studies 22 . The results also demonstrated that major differences exist between different brands and between products with or without addition of other ingredients and/or flavors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Analysis of Fluoride Content in Alternative Milk Beverages

Townsend¹,

Thompson²,

Vaughn³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

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Background The dentist has a responsibility to provide nutritional counseling and fluoride consumption recommendations. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the concentrations of fluoride in a large number of alternative milk beverages and bovine milk. Methods Thirty-three milk alternatives, including 9 diverse types and 11 different brands, were analyzed using a fluoride ion-selective electrode (ISE) and an ISE meter. Fluoride concentrations were then compared among different types and between different brands. Results Fluoride concentration ranged from 0.0071 ppm (Malk® Pure Cashew Milk) to 0.8030 ppm (Almond Breeze® Original Unsweetened Almond Milk) with a mean concentration of 0.3156 ppm. When compared, bovine whole milk (0.0274±0.003 ppm) was found to be significantly lower in fluoride than all samples analyzed except Malk Pure Cashew Milk, Soy Milk Vanilla, Rice Milk, and Pecan Milk. Major differences also existed between the same milk alternative types of different brands. Conclusion The amount of fluoride varies among different types of milk alternatives and different brands. To ensure that the dental team can provide proper recommendations regarding fluoride use, manufacturers should consider placing fluoride concentrations on nutrition labels.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Analysis of Fluoride Content in Alternative Milk Beverages

Townsend¹,

Thompson²,

Vaughn³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

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“…These data and studies previously published by various authors [ 30 , 31 , 32 ] indicate that soybean beverages may have a high content of fluoride, favoring dental fluorosis as a consequence of use of water for its manufacture. Thus, the need to determine the fluoride content in marketed soy beverages is established.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The samples of powdered soybean beverages for infants analyzed by de Carvalho et al [ 30 ] contained a fluoride concentration between 0.03 and 0.50 mg/L. Studies carried out by Nagata et al [ 31 ] registered higher fluoride concentrations in soybean beverage lyophilizates compared to the rest of the authors, as is the case of the SoyMilke brand (7.18 mg/L). In general, the concentrations recorded in the present study (2022) are higher than previously published data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Exposure from Soybean Beverage Consumption: A Toxic Risk Assessment

Mesa-Infante

Niebla-Canelo

Alejandro-Vega

et al. 2022

Foods

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The consumption of vegetable milk as a substitute for cow’s milk has increased in recent years. Of all the vegetable beverages on the market, soy is the most widely consumed. Soy is exposed to contamination by different chemical elements during harvesting. In this study, the concentration of fluoride in soy beverages was analyzed. Fluoride is an element that in high concentrations can be toxic, causing dental and bone fluorosis. The aims of the study were (i) to analyze the fluoride concentration in 30 samples in the most popular brands (A-Brand, B-Brand, C-Brand) of soybean beverages by a fluoride ion selective potentiometer and (ii) to evaluate the toxicological risk derived from its consumption. The fluoride concentrations were 15.5 mg/L (A-Brand), 11.3 mg/L (B-Brand) and 8.5 mg/L (C-Brand). A consumption of 1 to 3 servings/day was established. One serving (200 mL) of soybean beverage offered a contribution percentage over the ADI (acceptable daily intake) for infants and children. Teenagers and adults did not exceed the ADI (10 mg/day). The consumption of soy beverages contributes significantly to the daily intake of fluoride, which could exceed the ADI with a consequent health risk. It is recommended to control the fluoride levels in the raw material and in the final product to assure the safety of these products.

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“…The growing rates of globalisation and technological advancements have contributed to the increased consumption of a diverse range of commercially prepared ready-to-eat (RTE) infant products [ 19 ]. Globally, several studies have reported a varied level of fluoride concentration in RTE infant and children’s foods and/or drink products [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. For example, a study from Iran [ 20 ] reported the mean fluoride content between 1.32–2.36 (standard deviation (SD) 0.1–0.3) μg F/g in collected samples of infant powdered milk products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Content of Ready-to-Eat Infant Foods and Drinks in Australia

Chandio

John

Floyd

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The use of fluoride is effective in preventing dental caries. However, an excessive intake of fluoride leads to dental fluorosis, making it necessary to regularly monitor the fluoride intake especially for infants. There is hitherto a lack of information on fluoride content in infant foods from an Australian perspective. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the amount of fluoride content from a range of commercially available ready-to-eat (RTE) infant foods and drinks available in Australia. Based on an external calibration method, potentiometry involving a fluoride ion selective electrode and a silver|silver chloride reference electrode was conducted to analyse the fluoride content of a total of 326 solid food samples and 49 liquid food samples in this work. Our results showed an overall median (range) fluoride content of 0.16 (0.001–2.8) µg F/g of solid food samples, and 0.020 (0.002–1.2) µg F/mL of liquid food samples. In addition, ~77.5% of the liquid samples revealed a fluoride content < 0.05% µg F/mL. The highest variation of fluoride concentration (0.014–0.92 µg F/g) was found in formulas for ≥6 month-old infants. We have attributed the wide fluoride content variations in ready-to-eat infant foods and drinks to the processing steps, different ingredients and their origins, including water. In general, we found the fluoride content in most of the collected samples from Australian markets to be high and may therefore carry a risk of dental fluorosis. These results highlight the need for parents to receive appropriate information on the fluoride content of ready-to-eat infant food and drinks.

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Fluoride concentrations of milk, infant formulae, and soy‐based products commercially available in Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Analysis of Fluoride Content in Alternative Milk Beverages

Analysis of Fluoride Content in Alternative Milk Beverages

Fluoride Exposure from Soybean Beverage Consumption: A Toxic Risk Assessment

Fluoride Content of Ready-to-Eat Infant Foods and Drinks in Australia

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