Fluoride Balance Studies on Infants in a 1-ppm-Water-Fluoride Area

Ekstrand, Jan; Hardell, Lars Ivar; Spak, C.-J.

doi:10.1159/000260753

Cited by 57 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The bioavailability of fluoride is reduced when administered with milk and/or other dietary components, with only about 85-90% of the ingested dose being absorbed [Ekstrand and Ehrnebo, 1979;Ekstrand et al, 1984Ekstrand et al, , 1994aTrautner, 1989;Trautner and Einwag, 1989]. Furthermore, the bioavailability of fluoride administered as one single bolus dose is different from that of normal fluoride intake of the same magnitude but divided up throughout the course of a day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second part of this work the fractional 24-hour fluoride excretion following the administration of a standard dose of 0.5 mg fluoride in the absence of all other sources of fluoride was estimated as 23-39%. However, the study design was complicated by the possibility of the children being in negative fluoride balance at certain stages of the experiment [Ekstrand et al, 1984].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determination of Fluoride Intake from Urinary Fluoride Excretion Data in Children Drinking Fluoridated School Milk

Ketley

Lennon²

2001

Caries Res

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Twenty–four–hour urine samples were collected from each of thirteen 5– to 6–year–old children both under customary conditions of fluoride intake (i.e. usual diet including milk containing 0.5 mg fluoride and usual oral hygiene procedures with fluoride toothpaste) and during a 4–day study period in which their customary fluoride intake was replaced with standard fluoride doses. The 24–hour fluoride excretion under customary conditions of fluoride intake was 0.30 mg and in response to fluoride doses in the range of 0.5–2.0 mg it was in the range 0.26–0.61 mg. Using data obtained during the study period for all subjects combined, the fluoride intake from all sources under customary conditions was estimated as 0.76 mg, representing a fractional fluoride excretion of 39%. It is concluded that these children are possibly receiving suboptimal amounts of fluoride.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Fluoride Intake from Urinary Fluoride Excretion Data in Children Drinking Fluoridated School Milk

Ketley

Lennon²

2001

Caries Res

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“…The concentration of fluoride in human milk (7 ccg/L) was taken from the literature (19)(20)(21)(22). All other fluoride concentrations were determined (see "Fluoride determinations" section).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fluoride Pharmacokinetics in Infancy

et al. 1994

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ABSTRACT. Fluoride pharmacokinetic data are presented for infants given a fluoride supplement. Seventeen infants participated in a total of 20 studies. On one day, 0.013 mmol(0.25 mg) fluoride was given as a supplement (fluoride supplement study), and on another day a placebo was given (control study). Samples of plasma and urine were collected for 5 h and analyzed for fluoride. During control studies fluoride intake averaged 0.15 pmol/kg (2.9 pg/kg), and plasma fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.11 pmol/L (10 to 20 pg/L). In nine instances, the quantity of fluoride excreted in the urine was more than twice that consumed. When the fluoride supplement was given, total fluoride intake averaged 1.93 pmol/kg (36.6 pg/kg). Plasma peak concentration was reached by 30 min in 14 studies and by 60 min in six studies. Mean plasma peak fluoride concentration was 3.3 pmollL (63 ng/mL). Area under the plasma concentration curve averaged 236 nmol. m-' . min (4479 ng . mL-' . min) and was not related to the dose of fluoride. The rate of urinary excretion was significantly correlated with rate of urinary flow. When the dose of fluoride was expressed per unit of body weight, fluoride retention was strongly related to the dose. Retention of the fluoride absorbed from the fluoride dose ranged from 75.4 to 87.6%. Plasma clearance averaged 6.8 mL. kg-'. min-' and decreased significantly with age. Net fractional clearance (renal clearance of the fluoride dose/GFR) averaged 56.770, which was significantly greater than the 29% observed during the control studies. The greater percentage retention of fluoride by infants than by adults is probably explained by a greater capacity of the infant to deposit fluoride in hard tissues. (Pediarr Res 35: 157-163, 1994) On the basis of the belief that an adequate intake of fluoride in early life is protective against caries in later life, fluoride supplements are recommended for infants and children living in areas in which the fluoride content of the drinking water is low. However, critical reviews of the evidence (1-3) have led to the conclusion that the effect of fluoride in decreasing the prevalence and severity of dental caries is not primarily systemic but is exerted locally within the oral cavity (4). Because fluoride supplements are quickly cleared from the mouth, the ~ossibilitv must be considered that they may contribute to enamei fluorosis, which is unquestionably a systemic effect, while providing rela-13). As reviewed by Szpunar and Burt (2) and Fomon and Ekstrand (3), little question exists that regular consumption of fluoride supplements increases the risk of enamel fluorosis. However, the relative importance of fluoride supplements and other sources of fluoride intake is unknown.Although metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies of fluoride throughout infancy and childhood are needed. we have focused our attention on studies of infants. Epidemiologic data provide evidence that, at least under some conditions, fluoride intake during infancy may be a causative factor in the ...

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“…The prevalence of fluorosis is mainly due to the intake of large quantities of fluoride through drinking water is reported in many states of India [8][9][10][11][12] . The bioavailability of soluble fluoride ingested with water was nearly 100%, because soluble fluoride in drinking water was easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract without intervention of interfering elements such as Ca, Mg and Al [14][15][16][17][18][19] . So, water fluoride level is a primary factor for the cause of fluorosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of Fluoride Endemic Areas in Rae Bareli District, Uttar Pradesh, India

2013

Chem Sci Trans

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Abstract:The objective of this study is to mapping of fluoride endemic areas of main blocks of Rae Bareli district, India. The fluoride level in drinking water is estimated through fluoride ion selective electrode method. Google earth and isopleths technique were used for mapping of fluoride endemic areas. From the study, it is observed that Dalmau and Amawa blocks of Rae Bareli district in Uttar Pradesh are highly fluoride endemic. About 80% of villages in these blocks have fluoride level more than the prescribed permissible limit in drinking water. Due to fluorosis, health risks in Dalmau and Amawa blocks have become evident. From the results, the people in Dalmau and Amawa blocks are advised to consume drinking water with fluoride level less than 1 mg/L. It has been recommended to the government authorities to take serious steps in supplying drinking water with low fluoride concentration for the fluoride affected villages.

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Fluoride Balance Studies on Infants in a 1-ppm-Water-Fluoride Area

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

Determination of Fluoride Intake from Urinary Fluoride Excretion Data in Children Drinking Fluoridated School Milk

Determination of Fluoride Intake from Urinary Fluoride Excretion Data in Children Drinking Fluoridated School Milk

Fluoride Pharmacokinetics in Infancy

Mapping of Fluoride Endemic Areas in Rae Bareli District, Uttar Pradesh, India

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