Fluoride-assisted coaxial growth of SnO₂over-layers on multiwall carbon nanotubes with controlled thickness for lithium ion batteries

Abstract

We report a facile strategy to coaxially grow compact SnO 2 over-layers on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with hierarchical structures and controlled thickness via a hydrothermal method, using NaF as a morphology controlling and directing agent. The thickness of the SnO 2 over-layers can be controlled from several tens of nanometers down to several nanometers by adjusting the ratio of carbon nanotubes to Sn precursor. When applied as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, carbon nanotubes with coaxially grown thin (~10 nm) SnO 2 over-layers showed lithium storage performance with a reversible capacity of 431 mA h g −1 after 50 cycles, which is two times better than that of thick (~55 nm) SnO 2 over-layers or mixtures of carbon nanotubes and separated SnO 2 nanoparticles. The improved cyclic performance was attributed to reduced agglomeration, enhanced electronic conductivity and released internal strain during the lithium insertion/extraction.

Optimization of the Hydrogen‐Adsorption Free Energy of Ru‐Based Catalysts towards High‐Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at all pH

“…34–0333), respectively. Other prominent peaks at 26 and 43° are the characteristic peaks of hexagonal graphite from the carbon nanotubes . Also the peak centered at 43° is ascribed to elemental Ru at the same time.…”

“…34-0333), respectively.O ther prominent peaks at 26 and4 3 8 are the characteristic peaks of hexagonal graphite from the carbon nanotubes. [26,27] Also the peak centered at 438 is ascribed to elemental Ru at the same time. The achieved Ru/CNTand RuS 2 / CNT were also characterizedb yX RD as shown in of RuP 2 /CNT,R uS 2 /CNT,a nd Ru/CNTwere investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements.…”

Growth of Ultrafine SnO 2 Nanoparticles within Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Networks: Non-Solution Synthesis and Excellent Electrochemical Properties as Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

“…[10,[23][24][25][26] On one hand, the ultra-small size of SnO 2 nanoparticles can alleviate the large volume changes and shorten the diffusion length of lithium ions. On the other hand, the CNT matrixes with flexible 1D tubular structures are good electrical and thermal conductor and possess high mechanical strength, which can accommodate the huge volume changes of Li-Sn alloying/dealloying.…”

Room-temperature synthesis of colloidal SnO2 quantum dot solution and ex-situ deposition on carbon nanotubes as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

“…Recently, fabrication of ultra-small SnO 2 nanoparticles and their composite structures with carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received considerable interest, which are promising on overcoming the severe pulverization problems of tin-based materials. [6,17,18] More importantly, the current synthetic strategy is facile to handle and the yield can be easily scaled up, which can be applied to other supporting substrates. nanoparticles through the hydrolysis-oxidation process.…”