Fluoride and Mineral Redeposition in Outermost Layers of Bovine Enamel during Surface Softening

Modern prospective caries studies require the measurement of small changes in tooth mineral content. Quantitative measurements of changes in mineral content in a single caries lesion is desirable. Quantitative methods can be either destructive or non-destructive. The latter type permits longitudinal studies to be conducted. Various methods available for the analysis of lesion parameters are reviewed. The basic principle of each method is summarized, and its characteristics are discussed. For each method, the correlation between the measured parameter and mineral loss, the useful range of mineral loss, the discrimination threshold, and the repeatability, are presented. Where such quantities were not available in the original papers, they were calculated from literature data. A comprehensive table of specifications of all methods is given.

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Invited Review: A Review of Quantitative Methods for Studies of Mineral Content of Intra-oral Incipient Caries Lesions

Bosch

Angmar‐Månsson

1991

J Dent Res

105

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Intra-oral Models to Assess Cariogenicity: Evaluation of Oral Fluoride and pH

Duckworth

1992

J Dent Res

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The main purpose of this paper is to review the various methods used for evaluation of fluoride retention in saliva, plaque, and enamel following application of topical anti-caries treatments such as F dentifrices and F mouthwashes. Such methods monitor delivery of fluoride to the site of action, the mouth, and so can be regarded as assessing potential for treatment action. It is concluded that intra-oral fluoride measurements are appropriate to support bioequivalence claims for anti-caries treatments, provided that particular chosen methods have been calibrated against clinical data. Studies purporting to show superiority are of interest mechanistically, but links to caries are not sufficiently understood to define superiority claims. A wide variety of methods has been used for determination of the fluoride content of enamel. Of these, well-established methods such as the micro-drill and acid-etch procedures are appropriate for routine comparative testing, whereas sophisticated instrumental techniques such as SIMS are more appropriate for detailed mechanistic studies. Intra-oral pH measurements are also relevant to many topical treatments. Single-site determinations in plaque are preferred, but for comparative studies non-specific determinations may be adequate.

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The Application of in Vitro Models to Research on Demineralization and Remineralization of the Teeth

1995

Adv Dent Res.

170

138

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Progress in in vivo and in situ experimentation has led many researchers to speculate as to the relevance and importance of in vitro testing protocols in caries research. A Medline/Biosis search for the present review revealed well over 300 citations (since 1989) documenting in vitro tests associated with caries research on mineralization and fluoride reactivity. The present survey documents these recent applications of in vitro test methods in both mechanistic and 'profile' caries research. In mechanistic studies, in vitro protocols over the past five years have made possible detailed studies of dynamics occurring in mineral loss and gain from dental tissues and the reaction dynamics associated with fluoride anticaries activity. Similarly, in profile applications, in vitro protocols make possible the inexpensive and rapid--yet sensitive--assessment of F anticaries efficacy within fluoride-active systems, and these tests represent a key component of product activity confirmation. The ability to carry out single variable experiments under highly controlled conditions remains a key advantage in in vitro experimentation, and will likely drive even further utilization, as advances continue in physical-chemical and analytical techniques for substrate analysis in these protocols. Despite their advantages in vitro testing protocols have significant limitations, most particularly related to their inability to simulate the complex biological processes involved in caries.

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Fluoride and Mineral Redeposition in Outermost Layers of Bovine Enamel during Surface Softening

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Invited Review: A Review of Quantitative Methods for Studies of Mineral Content of Intra-oral Incipient Caries Lesions

Invited Review: A Review of Quantitative Methods for Studies of Mineral Content of Intra-oral Incipient Caries Lesions

Intra-oral Models to Assess Cariogenicity: Evaluation of Oral Fluoride and pH

The Application of in Vitro Models to Research on Demineralization and Remineralization of the Teeth

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