Fluorescent probes for detecting cysteine

Abstract

Cysteine plays a crucial role in physiological processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for detecting cysteine. Fluorimetry has the advantages of convenient detection, short response time, high sensitivity and good selectivity. In this review, fluorescent probes that detect cysteine over the past three years are summarized based on structural features of fluorophores such as coumarin, BODIPY, rhodamine, fluorescein, CDs, QDs, etc and reaction groups including acrylate, aldehyde, halogen, 7-nitrobenzofurazan, etc. Then, effects of different combinations between fluorophores and response groups on probe properties and detection performances are discussed.

Homocysteine-specific fluorescence detection and quantification for evaluating S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity

“…In recent years, fluorescence detection has attracted extensive attention due to its advantages of simplicity, high sensitivity, and excellent temporal-spatial resolution. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Most of the designed strategies of fluorescent probes for biothiols predominantly employ strong nucleophilicity of the sulfydryl group, and the reactions include cyclization, Michael addition, cleavage reaction, nucleophilic substitution, and cleavage of S-S bonds. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Some of these probes themselves are non-fluorescence due to various quenching modes, such as photoinduced electron transfer (PET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), their fluorescence can be switched on by biothiols, thus realizing the detection of fluorescence in biothiols.…”

A novel fluorescent off–on probe based on 4-methylumbelliferone for highly sensitive determination of tyrosinase

“…[32][33][34] Coumarin is an inexpensive and commonly used fluorophore with low cytotoxicity and good photophysical properties, such as large Stokes shift, good light stability and reasonable fluorescence quantum yield. [35][36][37][38] In this work, inspired by the above studies, we proposed a novel fluorescent probe (MU) for TYR detection by combining the TYR specific recognition group 3bromomethylphenol into the fluorophore 4-methylumbelliferone, a derivative of coumarin, through nucleophilic substitution reaction. The addition of TYR to the probe can promote hydroxylation of the 4-position vacancy, and then be eliminated by 1,6rearrangement to release the fluorophore, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]39 thus enhancing the ''off-on'' fluorescence response to TYR, and the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity was directly related to TYR activity, as shown in Scheme 1.…”

Fluorescent Probes for Live Cell Thiol Detection

“…The purpose of this review is not trying to be inclusive in terms of thiol fluorescence probes since they have been covered by other comprehensive reviews [2,[46][47][48][49]. Rather, this review focuses on summarizing some of the major strategies or mechanisms that are used for detecting GSH, Cys/Hcy, and how they are applied for the detection of cellular or subcellular thiols.…”