Fluorescent polystyrene photonic crystals self-assembled with water-soluble conjugated polyrotaxanes

Stasio, Francesco Di; Berti, Luca; McDonnell, Susan; Robbiano, Valentina; Anderson, Harry L.; Comoretto, Davide; Cacialli, Franco

doi:10.1063/1.4826544

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, the directional emission from the PhC structures gets smeared out by the integrating sphere. However, suitable references for the comparison of the PL intensity have been demonstrated to be emitting material films cast in the very same conditions (substrate, solution concentration, spinning velocity, volume…), detuned microcavities as well as the same cavity after destruction of the PhC ordered structure . The angle resolved PL for a reference HB‐PVS film is reported in Figure as dotted lines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High refractive index hyperbranched polyvinylsulfides for planar one‐dimensional all‐polymer photonic crystals

Gazzo

Manfredi

Pötzsch

et al. 2015

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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We report on the growth and characterization of onedimensional\ud (1D) planar all-polymer photonic crystals (PhC) with\ud high dielectric contrast (Dn50.3) prepared by spin coating using\ud hyperbranched polyvinylsulfide polymers (HB-PVS) as high\ud refractive index material and cellulose acetate as low refractive\ud index material. Solution processable HB-PVS show a near ultraviolet\ud absorption inducing an increased refractive index in the\ud visible-near infrared (n51.68, k51000 nm). HBPVS:Cellulose\ud Acetate Distributed Bragg Reflectors show a very clear fingerprint\ud of the photonic band gap possessing the expected polarized\ud dispersion properties as a function of the incidence angle.\ud Moreover, engineered microcavities tuned on the weak fluorescence\ud spectrum of the HB-PVS show directional fluorescence\ud enhancement effects due to spectral redistribution of the emission\ud oscillator strength. The combination of all these properties\ud testifies the high optical quality of the obtained photonic structures\ud thus indicating HB-PVS as an interesting material for the\ud preparation of such PhC. V

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High refractive index hyperbranched polyvinylsulfides for planar one‐dimensional all‐polymer photonic crystals

Gazzo

Manfredi

Pötzsch

et al. 2015

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…After Eli Yablonovitch proposed in 1987 that the emission of an atom could be rigorously forbidden by a 3D periodic dielectric structure, Martorell et al first reported that emission was inhibited within a periodic photonic structure composed of PS beads, while appreciating that these effects might be attributed to the effects of chemical interaction instead of the structure itself. Since then, there have been a variety of experimental reports on the influence of photonic crystals on spontaneous emission, including embedded dye molecules, QDs and rare‐earth atoms inside the 3D photonic crystals. The observed stop band effects include a pure inhibition of the emission intensity within the stop band, an inhibition within the stop band accompanied by an enhancement at the stop band edges, and the modification of radiative lifetimes …”

Section: Manipulating Luminescence Of Light Emitters By 3d Photonic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating Luminescence of Light Emitters by Photonic Crystals

et al. 2018

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dispersion by semiconductor devices based on the electron energy bandgap-the forbidden energies separating allowed energy bands. An example of photonic crystals with simple periodic arrays formed from dielectric spheres is shown in Figure 1. According to Bragg's equation, [3] the wavelength of the photons scattered from the crystal lattice can be calculated by the following formula (Equation (1)where d is the diameter of the sphere, m is the Bragg reflection order, and θ is the angle between the normal and incident light. The value of n a is defined as the weighted sum of sphere portion refractive indices and the gap portion (Equation (2)) [3] ∑ φ = n n i i a 2 2(2)where n is the refractive index of different components inside photonic crystals and φ i is the volume fraction of each i portion. For the close-packed structure, φ i of the sphere portion is 0.74. Photon propagation can be precisely controlled by designing a photonic crystal with a specific photonic bandgap. Hence, a future trend in the design of photonic crystals may lie in the modification and realization of spontaneous emission by light emitters integrated with these crystals. [4][5][6] Spontaneous emission refers to an optical process in which a quantum mechanical system in an excited state returns to a lower-energy or ground state and releases energy in the form of a photon. The quantum system could be an atom, molecule or nanocrystal. The photoluminescence (PL) produced by spontaneous emission plays a crucial role in conventional modern technologies used in daily lives, such as television screens (cathode ray tubes), plasma display panels, and fluorescence tubes.While spontaneous emission has enabled the progress of several technologies, uncontrolled spontaneous emission can limit the performance of photonic devices in many applications. One such limitation in device performance in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) occurs when an excessive number of photons generated from spontaneous emission are confined or trapped within the device. This shortcoming is also observed in laser operation when photon emission fails to couple with lasing processes, resulting in energy loss and noise in the signal output. Consequently, precise control over the propagation of spontaneous emission is critical. Due to their ability to manipulate light The modulation of luminescence is essential because unwanted spontaneousemission modes have a negative effect on the performance of luminescencebased photonic devices. Photonic crystals are promising materials for the control of light emission because of the variation in the local density of optical modes within them. They have been widely investigated for the manipulation of the emission intensity and lifetime of light emitters. Several groups have achieved greatly enhanced emission by depositing emitters on the surface of photonic crystals. Herein, the different modulating effects of photonic crystal dimensions, light-emitter positions, photonic crystal structure type, and the refractive index of photonic crystal building bl...

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“…Photonic crystals (PhCs) 1 provide perhaps the most powerful tool for manipulation of light generation and propagation, thereby potentially enabling the implementation of photonics as the most performing information and communication technology platform. As such, PhCs have been intensely studied over the last three decades, especially with a view to combining them with photoactive materials such as luminescent (macro)molecules and inorganic semiconductors, 2,3 or with plasmonic nanostructures, so as to achieve directional modification of the fluorescence, [4][5][6][7] optically pumped lasing, 8,9 and optical switching, 10,11 among other aims. In this context, microcavities have been widely used to control and enhance the emissive properties of conjugated polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-Si hybrid photonic structures by full infiltration of conjugated polymers into porous silicon rugate filters

Robbiano

Surdo

Minotto

et al. 2018

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

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Loading of one-dimensional (1-D) porous silicon photonic crystals (PS-PhCs), known as rugate filters, with luminescent materials is generally limited by the potential for (undesired) "pore clogging," in relation to the size of the nanoparticles (e.g. quantum dots) or molecular species, and so far mainly restricted to small molecular weight materials or small nanocrystals, or in situ polymerized dyes. Here we report the infiltration 1-D PS-PhCs with a green-emitting commercial luminescent polymer (F8BT, poly[(9,9-din -octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4,8-diyl)]), with a molecular weight of approximately 46 kDa across their whole depth (approximately 7.5 mm), thereby showing that pore clogging is not a concern for these structures. We also characterize the modification of the photoluminescence (PL) and decay rates, and investigate the detailed inner morphology of the filters with the help of (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. We observe both suppression (in the stop-band) and enhancement (at the high-energy band-edge) of the PL. We also find that the photonic stop-band is red-shifted after polymer infiltration, due to the increased effective refractive index of the polymer-infiltrated nanostructured system. The presence of just one unbroadened peak in the reflectance spectra after infiltration confirms that infiltration extends for the whole depth of the rugate filters.

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Fluorescent polystyrene photonic crystals self-assembled with water-soluble conjugated polyrotaxanes

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

High refractive index hyperbranched polyvinylsulfides for planar one‐dimensional all‐polymer photonic crystals

High refractive index hyperbranched polyvinylsulfides for planar one‐dimensional all‐polymer photonic crystals

Manipulating Luminescence of Light Emitters by Photonic Crystals

C-Si hybrid photonic structures by full infiltration of conjugated polymers into porous silicon rugate filters

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