Fluorescent markers for the Spitzenkörper and exocytosis in Zymoseptoria tritici

Guo, Min; Kilaru, Sreedhar; Schuster, Martin; Latz, M.; Steinberg, Gero

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2015.04.014

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Although extracellular protein secretion pathways are best understood for the budding yeast S. cerevisiae , increasing research is being conducted on filamentous fungi, including Neurospora cras sa, Aspergillus niger , and M. oryzae (Punt et al, 2001 ; Jones and Sudbery, 2010 ; Riquelme et al, 2014 ; Guo et al, 2015 ; Gupta et al, 2015 ). For filamentous fungi, key secretion components are conserved, but they may play different roles to accommodate different lifestyles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Small GTPase MoSec4 Is Involved in Vegetative Development and Pathogenicity by Regulating the Extracellular Protein Secretion in Magnaporthe oryzae

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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The Rab GTPase proteins play important roles in the membrane trafficking, and consequently protein secretion and development of eukaryotic organisms. However, little is known about the function of Rab GTPases in Magnaporthe oryzae. To further explore the function of Rab GTPases, we deleted the ortholog of the yeast Sec4p protein in M. oryzae, namely MoSEC4. The ΔMosec4 mutant is defective in polarized growth and conidiation, and it displays decreased appressorium turgor pressure and attenuated pathogenicity. Notably, the biotrophic invasive hyphae produced in rice cells are more bulbous and compressed in the ΔMosec4 mutant. Further studies showed that deletion of the MoSEC4 gene resulted in decreased secretion of extracellular enzymes and mislocalization of the cytoplasmic effector PWL2-mCherry-NLS. In accordance with a role in secretion, the GFP-MoSec4 fusion protein mainly accumulates at tips of growing vegetative hyphae. Our results suggest that the MoSec4 protein plays important roles in the secretion of extracellular proteins and consequently hyphal development and pathogenicity in the rice blast fungus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Small GTPase MoSec4 Is Involved in Vegetative Development and Pathogenicity by Regulating the Extracellular Protein Secretion in Magnaporthe oryzae

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…However, comparative genomics among fungal species belonging to different taxa will allow identification of conserved key core determinants of hyphal tip growth. Furthermore, establishing molecular tools for cytological studies in nonmodel fungi, such as the wheat pathogen Z. tritici (166,(338)(339)(340)(341)(342)(343) or the grass pathogen species Ustilago bromivora and Brachypodium spp. (344), will enable more detailed comparison of the cytology of hyphal growth and fungal pathogenicity.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Biology of Hyphal Growth

et al. 2017

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Filamentous fungi are a large and ancient clade of microorganisms that occupy a broad range of ecological niches. The success of filamentous fungi is largely due to their elongate hypha, a chain of cells, separated from each other by septa. Hyphae grow by polarized exocytosis at the apex, which allows the fungus to overcome long distances and invade many substrates, including soils and host tissues. Hyphal tip growth is initiated by establishment of a growth site and the subsequent maintenance of the growth axis, with transport of growth supplies, including membranes and proteins, delivered by motors along the cytoskeleton to the hyphal apex. Among the enzymes delivered are cell wall synthases that are exocytosed for local synthesis of the extracellular cell wall. Exocytosis is opposed by endocytic uptake of soluble and membrane-bound material into the cell. The first intracellular compartment in the endocytic pathway is the early endosomes, which emerge to perform essential additional functions as spatial organizers of the hyphal cell. Individual compartments within septated hyphae can communicate with each other via septal pores, which allow passage of cytoplasm or organelles to help differentiation within the mycelium. This article introduces the reader to more detailed aspects of hyphal growth in fungi.

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“…As mammalian PLD1 and PLD2 as well as PA have roles in both endo‐ and exocytosis, the vesicle trafficking phenotypes of the Δ pldA and Δ pldB mutants were examined by introducing GFP fusions of a suite of proteins known to localize to specific structures/stages of secretion and endosomal recycling, including: late Golgi cisternae (Vps52), the Spitzenkörper (Rab11), the exocyst (Sec3, Exo70), the endocytic collar (fimbrin) and early endosomes (Rab5) (Guo, Kilaru, Schuster, Latz, & Steinberg, ; Kilaru, Schuster, Latz, Guo, & Steinberg, ; Sánchez‐León et al, ; Upadhyay & Shaw, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphatidic acid produced by phospholipase D is required for hyphal cell‐cell fusion and fungal‐plant symbiosis

Hassing

Eaton

Winter

et al. 2020

Molecular Microbiology

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Although lipid signaling has been shown to serve crucial roles in mammals and plants, little is known about this process in filamentous fungi. Here we analyze the contribution of phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) in hyphal morphogenesis and growth of Epichloë festucae and Neurospora crassa, and in the establishment of a symbiotic interaction between E. festucae and Lolium perenne. Growth of E. festucae and N. crassa PLD deletion strains in axenic culture, and for E. festucae in association with L. perenne, were analyzed by light‐, confocal‐ and electron microscopy. Changes in PA distribution were analyzed in E. festucae using a PA biosensor and the impact of these changes on the endocytic recycling and superoxide production investigated. We found that E. festucae PldB, and the N. crassa ortholog, PLA‐7, are required for polarized growth and cell fusion and contribute to ascospore development, whereas PldA/PLA‐8 are dispensable for these functions. Exogenous addition of PA rescues the cell‐fusion phenotype in E. festucae. PldB is also crucial for E. festucae to establish a symbiotic association with L. perenne. This study identifies a new component of the cell‐cell communication and cell fusion signaling network for hyphal morphogenesis and growth of filamentous fungi.

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Fluorescent markers for the Spitzenkörper and exocytosis in Zymoseptoria tritici

Cited by 18 publications

References 55 publications

The Small GTPase MoSec4 Is Involved in Vegetative Development and Pathogenicity by Regulating the Extracellular Protein Secretion in Magnaporthe oryzae

The Small GTPase MoSec4 Is Involved in Vegetative Development and Pathogenicity by Regulating the Extracellular Protein Secretion in Magnaporthe oryzae

Cell Biology of Hyphal Growth

Phosphatidic acid produced by phospholipase D is required for hyphal cell‐cell fusion and fungal‐plant symbiosis

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