Fluorescent hydrogen sulfide probes based on azonia-cyanine dyes and their imaging applications in organelles

Fluorescent probes based on an oxonium-coumarin scaffold for the detection of SO2 derivatives

“…Fluorescent probes with targeting capability are hotspots in probe design in recent years, 33 among which, most of them are mitochondria-targeted probes. [34][35][36][37][38] Mitochondria are the important organ for SO 2 production, and the oxonium structure is a mitochondrial targeting group. 30 Therefore, we performed colocalization experiments of probe CPO1 with Mito-Tracker-Green (a common mitochondrial localization dye).…”

A review: Red/near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes based on nucleophilic reactions of H2S since 2015

“…reported three novel H 2 S probes 10a–10c (Figure 6) based on cyanine with an azonia skeleton. [ 88 ] Probes 10a and 10b , in which a 2,4‐dinitrophenyl group and a 7‐nitrobenzo[c]oxadiazol‐4‐yl [ 1,2,5 ] group were directly connected to the cyanine dye, respectively, emitted in the red emission region (639 nm). The detection limits were determined to be 121 nM and 9.6 nM, respectively.…”

Emerging analytical tools for the detection of the third gasotransmitter H2S, a comprehensive review

“…: NIR emission, 169-fold fluorescence enhancement, LOD = 121 nM, pH range 5 – 8.5, good selectivity Disadv. : time – dependent fluorescence increase (linearly up-to 180 min); small Stokes shift (49 nm, λ ex/em = 590/639 nm), detection medium contains DMSO (10%) Application: HeLa cells / lysosome-targeting [67] F17 Adv. : rapid response time (less than1 min), fluorescence enhancement 130-fold, very large Stokes shift (221 nm, λ ex/em = 445/666 nm), good sensitivity (LOD = 6 nM) Disadv.…”

“…: rapid response time (5 min), 17-fold fluorescence enhancement, LOD = 9.6 nM, pH range 5 – 8, good selectivity Disadv. : detection medium contains DMSO (10%); small Stokes shift (49 nm, λ ex/em = 590 / 639 nm) Application: HeLa cells / Lysosome-targeting [67] B) Electrophile-based probes (containing aromatic carbonyl with adjacent α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound) F26 Adv. : relative rapid response time (20 min), 13-fold fluorescence enhancement, better quantum yield = 0.208 Disadv.…”

“…As illustrated in Table 1 , compound F21 was the first synthesized NBD-based H 2 S sensor used for its detection in vitro in living cells (HEK293 and HeLa cells) [72] , after which many NBD-based H 2 S sensors were developed to improve sensor features such as sensitivity level [66] , or to target certain organelles as lysosomes using compound F25 [67] or mitochondria using compound F22 [71] ). Aromatic carbonyl with adjacent α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based probes (Michael acceptor): …”