“…The compounds 36b-d, 38a, 38b, 40, and 44 make no exception (Figure 1). Their fluorescence quantum yields fall exactly in that range, although in some cases where lower values are measured (< 0.02), this could be explained by the presence of a heavy atom (Cl and Br) and a loose arm (CH 2 Cl) which can decrease the radiative rate constant by spin-orbit coupling and "loose bolt effect" [44]. It is intuitively anticipated that the Brderivative (36d) should exhibit a lower quantum yield (owing to the presence of 2 heavy atom instead of 1), but the "loose bolt effect" and perhaps deactivation by collisions of the flexible CH 2 Cl arm onto the adjacent aromatic ring may be the dominant in this series (36a-d), and so the quantum yields are all similar.…”