Fluorescent Biocompatible Platinum-Porphyrin–Doped Polymeric Hybrid Particles for Oxygen and Glucose Biosensing

Abstract

Near infrared (NIR) fluorophores like Pt-porphyrin along with analyte specific enzymes require co-encapsulation in biocompatible and biodegradable carriers in order to be transformed into implantable biosensors for efficient and continuous monitoring of analytes in patients. The main objective of this research is to develop natural, biodegradable, biocompatible and a novel co-encapsulated system of Pt-porphyrin encapsulated polymeric nanoparticle and nano-micro hybrid carriers. A sequential emulsification-solvent evaporation and an air driven atomization technique was used for developing above matrices and testing them for fluorescence based oxygen and glucose biosensing. The results indicate Pt-porphyrin can be efficiently encapsulated in Poly-lactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles and PLA-alginate nano-micro particles with sizes ~450 nm and 10 µm, respectively. Biosensing studies have showed a linear fluorescent response in oxygen concentrations ranging from of 0–6 mM (R2 = 0.992). The Oxygen sensitivity was transformed into a linear response of glucose catalytic reaction in the range of 0–10 mM (R2 = 0.968) with a response time of 4 minutes and a stability over 15 days. We believe that the investigated NIR fluorophores like Pt-Porphyrin based nano/nano-micro hybrid carrier systems are novel means of developing biocompatible biodegradable carriers for developing implantable glucose biosensors which can efficiently manage glucose levels in diabetes.

Physical Properties, Chemical Analysis, and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Response of New Polylactide/Alginate/Copper Composite Materials

“…In the second stage of the procedure, solution of copper chloride was added and consequently copper ions substituted sodium ions, and in turn initiated a cross-linking reaction with (1) Is worth noting that cellulose-based fibers [52][53][54] and also wool fabric functionalized with copper alginate were reported to exhibit antibacterial properties [55]. However, in spite of the huge number reports on alginate abstracted by Scopus (12,643 reports) [56], or those on alginate composites (3450 reports) [57] or alginate hybrids (1237 reports) [58], the application of PLA-ALG hybrids has been reported in only a few papers, e.g., as a tissue engineering material [59], as composite microcapsules for a single-shot vaccine [60], and as bio-polymer carriers which can be implanted in subcutaneous tissue for continuous monitoring of glucose [61].…”

Au nanoparticle–decorated ZnO nanorods as fluorescent non-enzymatic glucose probe

“…The LOD of these sensors are 0.33 mM, 10 mM and 0.5 mM, respectively. Besides ZnO, other nanomaterials were also successfully implemented in fluorescent glucose sensor such as graphene quantum dots in nanofibrous membrane [17], platinumporphyrin doped polymeric hybrid NPs [18], and lanthanide ions doped in vanadium oxide NPs [19]. The sensitivities of these sensors are 4.4% mM -1 , 1.9% mM -1 , and 0.7 % mM -1 , respectively.…”

Biomedical IoT: Enabling Technologies, Architectural Elements, Challenges, and Future Directions

“…This highlights a recurring theme in the limitations of medical IoT: hardware limitations. The ideal glucose monitoring biosensor is stable, non-invasive, accurate, and does not have the necessity of calibration for the device [ 27 ]. Non-invasive glucose sensing in real-time are in the works, and we have reason to trust its success given the lucrative prospects.…”