Abstract:Optical endoscopic imaging, which was recently equipped with bioluminescence, fluorescence, and Raman scattering, allows minimally invasive real-time detection of pathologies on the surface of hollow organs. To characterize pathologic lesions in a multiplexed way, we developed a dual modal fluorescence-Raman endomicroscopic system (FRES), which used fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes (F-SERS dots). Real-time, in vivo, and multiple target detection of a specific cancer was successful,… Show more
“…We present that dual-modal silica nanoprobes based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and fluorescence, demonstrating the several combinations of two spectroscopic signals for the noble combinatorial nanoprobes (F-SERS dot). This novel nanoprobe has advantages of fast screening and multiplex identification of target receptors as reported before [19]. Through the further studies, we hope that F-SERS dots will be one of promising and multifunctional nanoprobes for the various in vitro and in vivo biological diagnoses and screenings.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 68%
“…On the basis of the advantages of SERS technique, some Raman tags have been developed for the labeling, targeting and imaging of the biological targets. We also introduced the novel SERS tags based on the silver-doped silica nanoparticles, demonstrating the cellular cancer targeting in the previous paper [17][18][19]. Herein, we present the dual-mode silica nanoprobes which simultaneously emit surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic signal and fluorescent signal (F-SERS dots).…”
We present that dual-modal silica nanoprobes based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and fluorescence, demonstrating the several combinations of two spectroscopic signals for the noble combinatorial nanoprobes (F-SERS dot). Their synthetic procedure was introduced and dual-modal spectroscopic analyses were performed as preliminary studies. Hopefully, F-SERS dots will be one of promising and multifunctional nanoprobes for the various in vitro and in vivo biological diagnoses and screenings.
“…We present that dual-modal silica nanoprobes based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and fluorescence, demonstrating the several combinations of two spectroscopic signals for the noble combinatorial nanoprobes (F-SERS dot). This novel nanoprobe has advantages of fast screening and multiplex identification of target receptors as reported before [19]. Through the further studies, we hope that F-SERS dots will be one of promising and multifunctional nanoprobes for the various in vitro and in vivo biological diagnoses and screenings.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 68%
“…On the basis of the advantages of SERS technique, some Raman tags have been developed for the labeling, targeting and imaging of the biological targets. We also introduced the novel SERS tags based on the silver-doped silica nanoparticles, demonstrating the cellular cancer targeting in the previous paper [17][18][19]. Herein, we present the dual-mode silica nanoprobes which simultaneously emit surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic signal and fluorescent signal (F-SERS dots).…”
We present that dual-modal silica nanoprobes based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and fluorescence, demonstrating the several combinations of two spectroscopic signals for the noble combinatorial nanoprobes (F-SERS dot). Their synthetic procedure was introduced and dual-modal spectroscopic analyses were performed as preliminary studies. Hopefully, F-SERS dots will be one of promising and multifunctional nanoprobes for the various in vitro and in vivo biological diagnoses and screenings.
“…0.5 pM and ca. 1 pM, respectively 16 .Figure 2Characterization of fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes (F-SERS dots), FRES, and colon cancer cell lines. ( a ) The size of the F-SERS and antibody-conjugated F-SERS dots.…”
Fluorescence endomicroscopy provides quick access to molecular targets, while Raman spectroscopy allows the detection of multiple molecular targets. Using a simultaneous fluorescence-Raman endoscopic system (FRES), we herein demonstrate its potential in cancer diagnosis in an orthotopically induced colorectal cancer (CRC) xenograft model. In the model, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were targeted with antibody-conjugated fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (F-SERS) dots. FRES demonstrated fast signal detection and multiplex targeting ability using fluorescence and Raman signals to detect the F-SERS dots. In addition, FRES showed a multiplex targeting ability even on a subcentimeter-sized CRC after spraying with a dose of 50 µg F-SERS dots. In conclusion, molecular characteristics of tumor cells (EGFR in cancer cell membranes) and tumor microenvironments (VEGF in the extracellular matrix) could be simultaneously investigated when performing a colonoscopy.
“…More recently, a device has been reported that allows both fluorescence and Raman detection, representing a dual modality system that can be inserted in a clinical endoscope for simultaneous fluorescence and SERS detection of HER2 and EGFR from breast cancer tumours 129 . The nanoprobes are first located by looking for intense fluorescence, and then multiplexed detection of the two protein analytes is possible due to the sharp Raman bands of the rhodamine-and fluorescein-based dyes.…”
| Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is of interest for biomedical analysis and imaging due to its sensitivity, specificity and multiplexing capabilities. The successful application of SERS for in vivo biosensing necessitates probes to be biocompatible and procedures to be minimally invasive, challenges that have respectively been met by the design of nanoprobes and instrumentation. This Review presents recent developments in these areas, describing case studies in which sensors have been implemented, as well as outlining shortcomings that have to be addressed before SERS sees clinical use.In 1928, C. V. Raman first reported the scattering phenomenon that now bears his name.1,2 Raman scattering has since become a powerful analytical technique, including for biomedical applications, 3 where label-free and objective tissue diagnostics 4-6 ex vivo and in vivo, as well as drug-cell interaction studies in vitro have been conducted. [7][8][9] The majority of incident photons experience elastic (Rayleigh) scattering, with only about 1 in 10 7 photons undergoing inelastic (Raman) scattering. 10 In 1974, Fleischmann and co-workers described a phenomenon that would later become known as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) 11 . They observed a large enhancement in inelastic scattering from pyridine when the analyte was adsorbed onto a Ag electrode, an effect that had previously been mentioned by the team of A. J. McQuillan in 1973, 12 with Van Duyne later attributing the signal enhancement to the roughened metal surface via the physical phenomenon he coined SERS.13 Unlike conventional Raman spectroscopy, SERS analyses require samples to be labelled, a disadvantage offset by the large intensity enhancement that makes SERS an important analytical tool with high sensitivity and low detection limits.14,15 The exact mechanism of SERS is not fully understood but an electromagnetic enhancement factor plays the major role 16 , whereby free electrons in a metal nanoparticle (NP) encounter applied radiation whose electromagnetic field varies at a frequency matching the oscillation frequency of electrons in the NPs. Such plasmon resonance at the NP surface arises from an intense electric field, which intensifies Raman modes arising from molecules near or attached to the NP surface. The Raman signals can also be enhanced due to the formation of chargetransfer complexes between the roughened metal surface and molecules bound to it. We now leave our discussion of the SERS mechanism, but refer readers interested in these fundamental principles to some comprehensive articles on the subject. [17][18][19] Well-known selection rules allow for one to predict if a given vibrational mode is infrared-and/or Raman-active. Indeed, by considering the magnitude of the change in dipole moment or polarizability associated with a vibration, one can rationalize infrared or Raman data, respectively. Compared to Raman spectroscopy, SERS involves analyte molecules interacting with a roughened metal substrate, such that the symmetry ...
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