Fluorescence of chlorophyll a in transgenic maize with herbicide application and attacked by Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Effect of herbicides on the emergence of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in transgenic Bt maize

“…Plant genotypes can show differences in metabolic phenotype (Ren et al, 2009), affecting S. zeamais preference (Frazão et al, 2018). Herbicides can interact with genotypes, altering metabolic pathways or plant development and attractiveness to insects (De Souza et al, 2020). The insect attractiveness is based on olfactory orientation and variations in the ratio of volatile components produced by plants (Bruce et al, 2005;Toshova et al, 2010).…”

“…The effect of herbicides on insect populations in maize fields should be considered in integrated pest management (IPM), since the molecules of these chemicals can have deleterious effects on arthropod species, including beneficial insects (de Menezes & Soares, 2016;Zanuncio et al, 2018). However, the interactions of different herbicides with different crop genotypes and insect species are particular (De Souza et al, 2020), making it difficult to obtain accurate information on the subject. The present study observed the emergence of adults of S. zeamais in genotypes of transgenic and non-transgenic maize sprayed with different applications of herbicides.…”

Physiological Aspects of Olea europaea (Oleaceae) Attacked by Saissetia oleae (Hemiptera: Coccidae)

“…This may be due to the decrease in the quantum yield of the photochemical process during this pulse when the reaction centers of the photosynthetic system are closed and the fluorescence emission reached its maximum (Maxwell & Johnson 2000). Damage by the herbivore Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in photosynthetically active tissues interrupted the transport of photoassimilates, nutrients, and water, reducing the photosynthetic rate and the maximum fluorescence values in maize (De Souza et al 2020).…”