“…NaCl was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). Cationic polyelectrolyte quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose ethoxylate (QHEC) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), with a molecular weight between 400,000 and 500,000, cationic substitution of about 5 wt% and charge density of 1.2 mEq g −1 (Dalvi & Dave, 2009;Junka, Sundman, Salmi, Österberg, & Laine, 2014;Frenzel, Swaboda, Petzold, Emmler, & Simon, 2011;Regismond, Heng, Goddard, & Winnik, 1999). All materials were used without further purification.…”