Fluorescence/depolarization lidar for mid-range stand-off detection of biological agents

Mierczyk, Zygmunt; Kopczyński, Krzysztof; Zygmunt, Marek; Wojtanowski, J.; Młyńczak, Jarosław; Gawlikowski, A.; Młodzianko, Andrzej; Piotrowski, W.; Gietka, Andrzej; Knysak, P.; Drozd, Tadeusz; Muzal, M.; Kaszczuk, M.; Ostrowski, Roman; Jakubaszek, Marcin

doi:10.1117/12.883866

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…10,11 State-of-the-art fluorescence lidars have also recently been developed in relation to biowarfare aerosol monitoring. 12,–15 In the present paper, we demonstrate how additional information, related to the microstructure of bird plumage, can be retrieved from long distances. The main components in feather structure, in order of decreasing size, consist of a rachis (or the central trunk) with attached barbs, which in turn, have attached barbules.…”

Section: Identifying Nocturnal Migrating Birdsmentioning

confidence: 76%

On the Exploitation of Mid-infrared Iridescence of Plumage for Remote Classification of Nocturnal Migrating Birds

et al. 2013

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A challenging task in ornithology lies in identifying high-altitude nocturnal migrating bird species and genders. While the current approaches including radar, lunar obscuration, and single-band thermal imaging provide means of detection, a more detailed spectral or polarimetric analysis of light has the potential for retrieval of additional information whereby the species and sex could be determined. In this paper, we explore remote classification opportunities provided by iridescent features within feathers in the mid-infrared region. Our approach first involves characterizing the microstructural features of the feather by using rotation and straining, and a scheme for their remote detection is proposed by correlating these microstructural changes to spectral and polarimetric effects. Furthermore, we simulate the spectral signature of the entire bird by using a model that demonstrates how classification would be achieved. Finally, we apply infrared hyperspectral polarization imaging, showing that the net iridescent effect persists for the bird as a whole.

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Section: Identifying Nocturnal Migrating Birdsmentioning

confidence: 76%

On the Exploitation of Mid-infrared Iridescence of Plumage for Remote Classification of Nocturnal Migrating Birds

et al. 2013

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“…In order to improve the discrimination capabilities between signals of different substances and background materials, the laser system operates at two excitation wavelengths, alternatively. [3][4][5] Both, 355 and 280 nm, have a pulse width of about 7 ns, a pulse energy of about 10 mJ and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The fluorescence signal is collected by a Newton-type telescope with an optical diameter of 400 mm and is afterwards analyzed by a spectrograph with a resolution below 1 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standoff detection: classification of biological aerosols using laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique

et al. 2014

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The challenges of detecting hazardous biological materials are manifold: Such material has to be discriminated from other substances in various natural surroundings. The detection sensitivity should be extremely high. As living material may reproduce itself, already one single bacterium may represent a high risk. Of course, identification should be quite fast with a low false alarm rate. Up to now, there is no single technique to solve this problem. Point sensors may collect material and identify it, but the problems of fast identification and especially of appropriate positioning of local collectors are sophisticated. On the other hand, laser based standoff detection may instantaneously provide the information of some accidental spillage of material by detecting the generated thin cloud. LIF technique may classify but hardly identify the substance. A solution can be the use of LIF technique in a first step to collect primary data and -if necessary-followed by utilizing these data for an optimized positioning of point sensors. We perform studies on an open air laser test range at distances between 20 and 135 m applying LIF technique to detect and classify aerosols. In order to employ LIF capability, we use a laser source emitting two wavelengths alternatively, 280 and 355 nm, respectively. Moreover, the time dependence of fluorescence spectra is recorded by a gated intensified CCD camera. Signal processing is performed by dedicated software for spectral pattern recognition. The direct comparison of all results leads to a basic classification of the various compounds.

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“…Therefore, additional discrimination features like spectra optained from different excitation wavelengths together with time-resolved measurements (fluorescence lifetime measurements) can be applied. [3][4][5][6] In order to operate a LIF system under real outdoor conditions several effects have to be taken into account, such as natural surroundings like pollen, dust, and diesel, which can interfere with the substance to be investigated. Also different weather conditions (solar radiation, fog, rain) affect the measurements by affecting the laser light propagation and interfering with the fluorescence light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standoff detection and classification procedure for bioorganic compounds by hyperspectral laser-induced fluorescence

et al. 2015

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The high and still increasing number of attacks by hazardous bioorganic materials makes enormous demands on their detection. A very high detection sensitivity and differentiability are essential, as well as a rapid identification with low false alarm rates. One single technology can hardly achieve this. Point sensors can collect and identify materials, but finding an appropriate position is time consuming and involves several risks. Laser based standoff detection, however, can immediately provide information on propagation and compound type of a released hazardous material. The coupling of both methods may illustrate a solution to optimize the acquisition and detection of hazardous substances.At DLR Lampoldshausen, bioorganic substances are measured, based on laser induced fluorescence (LIF), and subsequently classified. In this work, a procedure is presented, which utilizes lots of information (timedependent spectral data, local information) and predicts the presence of hazardous substances by statistical data analysis. For that purpose, studies are carried out on a free transmission range at a distance of 22m at two different excitation wavelengths alternating between 280 nm and 355 nm. Time-dependent fluorescence spectra are recorded by a gated intensified CCD camera (iCCD). An automated signal processing allows fast and deterministic data collection and a direct subsequent classification of the detected substances. The variation of the substance parameters (physical state, concentration) is included within this method.

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Fluorescence/depolarization lidar for mid-range stand-off detection of biological agents

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

On the Exploitation of Mid-infrared Iridescence of Plumage for Remote Classification of Nocturnal Migrating Birds

On the Exploitation of Mid-infrared Iridescence of Plumage for Remote Classification of Nocturnal Migrating Birds

Standoff detection: classification of biological aerosols using laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique

Standoff detection and classification procedure for bioorganic compounds by hyperspectral laser-induced fluorescence

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