Fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy for in vivo imaging of epidermal reactions to two experimental irritants

Abstract

This preliminary study demonstrated the applicability of fluorescence CLSM for a detailed study of experimental skin irritants in vivo. Essential findings were disturbed and widened cell borders, swelling of keratinocytes by PA and induction of a parakeratotic shift by SLS with clusters of keratinocytes holding nuclei in the epidermis. Fluorescence CLSM offers a unique opportunity to study the inter- and intracellular water compartments directly in the epidermis in situ and an opportunity to visualize cell proliferation manifested as parakeratosis. Fibre-optic fluorescence CLSM of irritant reactions is, however, technically more complicated than reflectance CLSM and may not be applicable to any irritant. SLS applied epicutaneously interacted with the skin surface and coupling to the microscope and was thus found to be more difficult to study technically than PA. PA dissolved in isopropanol is for technical reasons, and with SLS as alternative, considered the preferred model irritant.

High-definition optical coherence tomography: adapted algorithmic method for pattern analysis of inflammatory skin diseases: a pilot study

“…Currently, RCM has the best resolution, albeit at the cost of a very limited depth of imaging. In consequence, RCM criteria for a number of diagnoses have been established comparing the method with histology [2–6, 14–17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26]. HD-OCT is a promising high-resolution imaging technique which offers comparable resolution to RCM and improved penetration [9–11].…”

“…One of the restrictions of RCM in evaluating inflammatory skin diseases is the limited penetration depth [2–6, 14–17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26]. With HD-OCT not only the visualization and assessment of individual cells but also microanatomic structures can be performed to a depth of 570 μm.…”

How long does protection last? – In vivo fluorescence confocal laser scanning imaging for the evaluation of the kinetics of a topically applied lotion in an everyday setting

“…In this experimental contact dermatitis model, the fluorophore administered topically and intradermally was also sodium fluoresceine with a 488 nm laser. Disturbed and widened cell borders, swelling of keratinocytes, and induction of a parakeratotic shift could be visualized by fluorescence CLSM.…”

Combining in vivo reflectance with fluorescence confocal microscopy provides additive information on skin morphology

“…it has a peak spectral absorption at 490 nm and is FDa approved since 1976 as a contrast agent for angiography when applied intravenously [8]. lately the properties of SFl in non-lesional and lesional human skin after topical and intradermal administration have also been characterized and studied in combination with in vivo FcM [4][5][6]9]. cm).…”