Fluorescence-based detection of thiols in vitro and in vivo using dithiol probes

Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in biological samples: An in-depth review

“…Novel methods utilizing a dithiolic fluorophore [87], other rhodamine-based fluorescent probes [89][90][91], most of them reacting with all thiol functionalities in the cell, and newly synthetized members of the BODIPY family, DAMBO [85] and DABODIPY [86] (both used for Snitrosothiol measurements in combination with Hg 2+ ), have also been published. A number of fluorophores [87,89,90] allow realtime assaying of thiols in vivo (for details, see Section 3.2). Some of the most recent methods have not yet been applied to the determination of GSH.…”

“…These dyes label cellular GSH with satisfactory selectivity, as demonstrated in the comparison with the GSH-recycling assay [194]. Other probes include a dithiolic fluorophore [87] and cell-permeable latent ("turn-on") fluorophores, with which the in vivo or in cyto cleavage of the respective functionally important bonds by thiols results in the liberation of a fluorescent compound and a subsequent increase in the fluorescence [88][89][90][91]. However, the latter dyes, except for the probe reported in [90], react with all thiol functionalities in the cell, and are not selective for GSH.…”

“…A dithiolic fluorophore has been derived from fluorescein and rhodamine, which is fluorescent over a wide pH range, including neutral pH. Separation of the two moieties in the cell led to a large increase in fluorescence for fluorescein, allowing real-time measurements [87]. Other fluorophores include cell-permeable latent ("turn-on") probes.…”

A fluorescent-based HPLC assay for quantification of cysteine and cysteamine adducts in Escherichia coli-derived proteins

“…Numerous articles address detection and quantification of thiols [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], but accurate quantification of total adduct content present in purified preparations has been difficult and not been previously reported. Cysteine adduction was investigated by Yotsu-Yamashita [21], however, this work did not address thiol adducts in purified proteins.…”

Probing the xeno-oestrogenic impact of sediment cores contaminated by the pulp and paper industry: induction of aromatase cyp19a1b in late larval zebrafish

“…Further, the chorion membrane complex consists of three layers, with pore canals permeating the middle and inner layers. These channels are suggested to be the route of solute transfer and permeability, which are further influenced by lipophilicity (Wiegand et al 2000, Lammer et al 2009), molecular size (Henn and Braunbeck 2011), ionic interaction on the chorion surface (Pullela et al 2006) and the xenobiotic efflux transporter (Fischer et al 2013), besides being dependent too on environmental factors. Although all mechanisms of chorion permeability are not fully understood, the most compelling approach is based on the ionic composition of the chorion surface; acting as ion exchanger or barrier depending on the binding molecule.…”