Fluorescence and Infrared Spectrometric Study of Cell Walls from Candida, Kluyveromyces, Rhodotorula and Schizosaccharomyces Yeasts in Relation with Their Chemical Composition

Abstract

Composition, level, and arrangement of the structural polysaccharides determine biophysical properties of fungal cell walls. A small amount of a beta(1-->4) linear homopolymer of GlcNAc in the cell wall forms chitin. To study the components of the cell walls and to estimate the quantity of chitin for different strains, two spectroscopic methods were applied. Because chemical and enzymatic methods are destructive, long, and complex, fluorescence and infrared (IR) spectroscopies were applied on cell walls and on chitin enriched fractions. The results were compared to chemical assays. IR spectra allow identifying the structural types of polysaccharides in yeast walls. Fluorescence spectroscopy was not appropriated for a full and accurate quantitative determination of the polymers but revealed level variations similar to results obtained by chemical analytical methods. The infrared spectra, using a chemometric approach (PLS1), allowed a fairly good estimation of chitin in enriched fractions with respect to the chemical assays.

On-line separation and structural characterisation of feruloylated oligosaccharides from wheat bran using HPLC-ESI-MSn

“…The characteristic absorption at 848 cm À1 in the IR spectrum indicates the a-glycosidic linkages of the glycosyl residues. The band near 811 cm À1 may be related to b-glycosidic linkages of furanose derivatives (Bahmed, Quilès, Bonaly, & Coulon, 2003). Based on the above mentioned analyses and the compositions of FOs, it is possible to speculate that the backbone of FOs consists of linear b-linked xylopyranosyl residues, and the ararbinofuranosyl residue is attached at O-3 position of xylose residues via a-form bond, and ferulic acid is bound to the arabinose residue.…”

Distinction of fungal polysaccharides by N/C ratio and mid infrared spectroscopy

“…However, for quantitative application, it requires choosing an appropriate calibration based on an absolute method like NMR and depends on the characteristic and internal reference bands as well as on baselines necessary for measuring the intensity of absorption. On the other hand, FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical methods has been applied to identification and discrimination of various biological samples, including spores and/or mycelia of fungal phytopathogens [44][45][46][47], fruiting bodies of cultivated mushrooms [48], wood degraded by fungi [49], yeast cells [50] and cell walls [51], based on their chemical composition. Based on the information mentioned above, we suggest that such combination of FTIR and chemometry is suitable for rapid screening analysis of fungal cell wall derived materials in accordance with the relationship between chitin (chitosan) and ␤-d-glucans and in comparison with pure polysaccharides.…”

Li+ effect on the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as probed by FT-IR spectroscopy

“…Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was applied to characterize changes in yeast cell wall structure [17][18][19]. This method has been extensively used in recent years for the study of microbial surfaces, and the identification and classification of microorganisms [20][21][22][23].…”