Fluorescence‐Amplified Origami Microneedle Device for Quantitatively Monitoring Blood Glucose

Abstract

Exploration of clinically acceptable blood glucose monitors has been engaging in the past decades, yet the ability to quantitatively detect blood glucose in a painless, accurate, and highly sensitive manner remains limited. Herein, a fluorescence-amplified origami microneedle (FAOM) device is described that integrates tubular DNA-origami nanostructures and glucose oxidase molecules into its inner network to quantitatively monitor blood glucose. The skin-attached FAOM device can collect glucose molecules in situ and transfer the input into a proton signal after the oxidase's catalysis. The proton-driven mechanical reconfiguration of DNA-origami tubes separates fluorescent molecules and their quenchers, eventually amplifying the glucose-correlated fluorescence signal. The function equation established on clinical examinees suggests that FAOM can report blood glucose in a highly sensitive and quantitative manner. In clinical blind tests, the FAOM achieves well-matched accuracy (98.70 ± 4.77%) compared with a commercial blood biochemical analyzer, fully meeting the requirements of accurate blood glucose monitoring. The FAOM device can be inserted into skin tissue in a trivially painful manner and with minimal leakage of DNA origami, substantially improving the tolerance and compliance of the blood glucose test.

3D and 4D assembly of functional structures using shape-morphing materials for biological applications

“…Modified with permission from ( Morikawa et al, 2018 ) © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (D) Fabrication strategy (top) and working principle (bottom) of a DNA origami sensor that could be implanted under the skin to perform sensing using glucose oxidase incorporated within a microneedle ( Li et al, 2023 ). Reprinted with permission from (X.…”

Developing Porous Microneedles Patch for the Detection of Wound Infections

“…[96][97][98][99][100] In addition, the fluorescence signal could be substantially amplified by labeling deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with the fluorescent group and quenching group in the FAOM device. [101]…”

“…The protons then migrated along the DNA origami, induced the fluorescent molecules to separate from the quenching agent, and finally triggered the amplification of the signal for glucose detection (Figure 6E). [101]…”

Mechanical Investigation of Solid MNs Penetration into Skin Using Finite Element Analysis

“…With the development of MNs technology and microelectronic technology, MNs have also been studied for blood and tissue fluid (ISF) extraction and point‐of‐care (POC) medical tests, avoiding the frequent use of steel injection needles. [ 9–11 ]…”

“…With the development of MNs technology and microelectronic technology, MNs have also been studied for blood and tissue fluid (ISF) extraction and point-of-care (POC) medical tests, avoiding the frequent use of steel injection needles. [9][10][11] Currently, different types (solid MNs, hollow MNs, coated MNs, dissolvable MNs, and hydrogel MNs) and structures of MNs have been designed for various applications. [12,13] The insertion process of MNs into tissue, however, remains a complex and challenging issue due to the highly non-linear and nonlinearly inhomogeneous nature of the needle and tissue.…”