Fluorescein Studies of Normal Choroidal Circulation

Archer, D. B.; Krill, Alex E.; Newell, Frank W.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(70)91619-3

Cited by 80 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…So far, it is not proved whether those watershed zones which were observed in monkey eyes also exist in human eyes, with the exception of a vertical line dividing the nasal and the temporal regions observed by several investigators [26][27][28][29][30][31], In the present study we have shown that there exists a hori zontal division, running through the fovea and the papilla, in the early filling phase of the choroid. Two angiograms of type II and eight angiograms of type III show this divi sion, which must be interpreted as a wa tershed zone between the short posterior cil iary arteries supplying the upper and lower half of the fovea.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…[26] and Archer et al [27] initially reported that a patchy filling was seen in fluorescein angiograms. Evans et al [28], Oosterhuis et al [29], Shimizu et al [30] and cle Laey [31] observed the early cho roidal filling patterns in the eyes of normal human subjects with fluorescein angiogra phy, and concluded that the so-called defec tive dye filling of the choroid was a regular and physiological phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indocyanine Green Angiography of Submacular Choroidal Vessels in the Human Eye

Hayashi

Laey

1985

Ophthalmologica

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Indocyanine green angiograms of the macular region in 40 human eyes were evaluated in order to demonstrate the characteristics of the circulatory patterns of the submacular choroid. During both the early and the late phases of choroidal fluorescence nonuniform fluorescence was found. This implies the existence of watershed zones between choroidal arteries and between choroidal veins. A horizontal line running through the fovea was found to form a boundary between arterial systems, and also, in the majority of cases, between venous system.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indocyanine Green Angiography of Submacular Choroidal Vessels in the Human Eye

Hayashi

Laey

1985

Ophthalmologica

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“…This method is superior to conventional fundus fluorescein angiography for evaluating the filling characteristics of the choriocapillary circulation, because the faster frame acquisition (60 frames per second) provided by this technique allows better resolution of the short choriocapillary filling time and the rapid fluorescein outflow from the choriocapillaries. Previous attempts to overcome these limitations of conventional fluorescein angiography [18][19][20] focused on correlating the normal choriocapillary filling time with the venous or arteriovenous phase of the retinal circulation. The disadvantage of these methods is that they presumed a normal retinal circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed macular choriocapillary circulation in age-related macular degeneration

et al. 1995

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“…Poor transmission of fluorescence, however, is an inherent characteristic of FLUO dye that limits its usefulness in evaluating either the normal or abnormal choroidal vessels. FLUO dye does not allow visualization through the ocular media opacification, the fundus pigmentation, or through pathologic manifestations [1].In human ophthalmology, indocyanine green (ICG) dye has gained popularity as either an adjunct or alternative to FLUO, particularly because of the optical and biophysical properties of the ICG dye. In contrast to FLUO, the nearinfrared light absorbed and excited by ICG readily penetrates normal ocular pigments [24].…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Indocyanine Green Angiography for Examining the Normal Ocular Fundus in Dogs

Wakaiki

Maehara

Abe

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In dogs, a variety of diseases of the retina and choroid have been reported, either separately or concomitantly; however, the canine choroid is difficult to evaluate by veterinary techniques currently available. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography is widely used in human ophthalmology, but has not been investigated for use in canine ophthalmology. The aim of this study was to apply a new approach to ICG angiography and compare the resulting angiograms with fluorescein (FLUO) angiograms of the ocular fundus in dogs. With a fundus camera equipped with an infrared-sensitive charged coupled device (CCD), we performed angiography on eight healthy beagles under inhalation anesthesia. ICG angiography enabled clear visualization of the choroidal vasculature, whereas FLUO angiography showed only the retinal vessels. At 8.4 ± 3.6 sec after administration of ICG dye into the cephalic vein, the choroidal arteries could be seen extending radially from the optic disc, then the choroidal veins became apparent at 10.2 ± 4.1 sec, coursing alongside the choroidal arteries. Gradual fading of the choroidal vessels began 13.2 ± 2.2 min after the dye was administered, and overall diffuse fluorescence of the fundus appeared. Diffuse fluorescence of the fundus continued after the choroidal vessels and optic disc faded at about 58.3 ± 5.3 min from administration of the dye. In conclusion, ICG angiography provides clear resolution and is reliable and simple, thus offering promise as a diagnostic aid for clinical evaluation of the choroid in dogs. KEY WORDS: choroid, dog ophthalmology, fluorescein, indocyanine green, ocular angiography.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69 (5): [465][466][467][468][469][470] 2007 In the dog eye, retinal circulation can be examined with clarity, but by current veterinary techniques the choroidal circulation eludes examination [7]. Consequently, disorders associated with the choroidal vessels could go undetected until it is too late to ward off deterioration of the animal's vision. Situated between the sclera and the retina, the choroid is a strategic part of the vascular tunic that provides nutritive support to the retina. Given that early recognition of possible ocular pathologic change is paramount to maintaining the eyes in working condition, a new diagnostic approach is needed for the imaging of the vascular structures of the choroid.For examination of retinal circulation, fluorescein (FLUO) angiography is currently used in both human and animal ophthalmology. As a diagnostic tool, the FLUO angiogram provides a reliable guide for laser photocoagulation of exudative and proliferative retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or occlusion of the retinal branch vein [22]. Poor transmission of fluorescence, however, is an inherent characteristic of FLUO dye that limits its usefulness in evaluating either the normal or abnormal choroidal vessels. FLUO dye does not allow visualization through the ocular media opacification, the fundus pigmentation, or through pathologic manifestations [1].In human ophthalmol...

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Fluorescein Studies of Normal Choroidal Circulation

Cited by 80 publications

References 10 publications

Indocyanine Green Angiography of Submacular Choroidal Vessels in the Human Eye

Indocyanine Green Angiography of Submacular Choroidal Vessels in the Human Eye

Delayed macular choriocapillary circulation in age-related macular degeneration

Indocyanine Green Angiography for Examining the Normal Ocular Fundus in Dogs

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