Fluorapatite: new solid catalyst of the Knoevenagel reaction in heterogeneous media without solvent

Sebti, Saı̈d M.; Nazih, Rachid; Tahir, Rachid; Salhi, Lydia; Saber, Ahmed F.

doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(99)00492-5

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Fluorapatite, activated by water and benzyltriethylammonium chloride, resulted in a new solid catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes with nitriles without a solvent [111]. This heterogeneously catalyzed Knoevenagel reaction of aldehydes and nitriles by fluroapatite was assisted by sodium nitrate under such solventless conditions [112].…”

Section: Solid Base Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Studies of Solid Acids and Base‐Catalyzed Clean Technologies

Takagaki

Nishimura

Ebitani

2013

Heterogeneous Catalysts for Clean Technology

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IntroductionThe importance of solid acid and base catalysts in clean technologies has been recognized for a long time, and many books and reviews have been published since the text by Tanabe [1]. Tanabe et al.[2] revised their book in 1989, reviewing the definition and classification of solid acids and bases, determination of acidic and basic properties, and catalysis for isomerization, acylation, hydration of alkenes, methanol conversion, dehydration, dehydrogenation, esterification, hydrolysis, hydrocraking (hydrogenolysis), and oxidation reactions. The development of solid acid catalysts has been surveyed in several reviews [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Catalysis by solid bases and the mechanism of base-catalyzed reactions such as isomerization of alkenes and alkynes, aldol addition and aldol condensation, Henry reaction (nitro-aldol reaction), Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, the Tishchenko reaction, alkylation reactions, and addition reactions such as addition of amines to epoxides, transfer hydrogenation (Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reaction), esterification and transesterification, and liquid-phase oxidations including Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and alkene epoxidation have been recently emphasized by Ono and Hattori [11], encompassing many splendid reviews and papers [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].The first part of this chapter is intended to survey recent literature on new catalytic materials because the development of new types of metal oxides and layered-and carbon-based materials with different morphologies opens up novel acid-base catalysis that enables new type of clean reaction technologies. Mechanistic considerations of acid-and base-catalyzed reactions should result in new clean catalytic processes for Green and Sustainable Chemistry, for example, transformations of biorenewable feedstock into value-added chemicals and fuels [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The latter part of this chapter, therefore, focuses on biomass conversion using solid acid and base catalysts, which covers recent developments on acid-base, one-pot reaction systems for carbon-carbon bond formations, and biomass conversion including synthesis of furfurals from sugars, biodiesel production, and glycerol utilization.

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Section: Solid Base Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Studies of Solid Acids and Base‐Catalyzed Clean Technologies

Takagaki

Nishimura

Ebitani

2013

Heterogeneous Catalysts for Clean Technology

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“…[24] CaFAP (1 g) was stirred with aqueous copper acetate (400 mg, 2 mmol in 25 mL water) at 80 8C for a period of 10 h. The slurry obtained was filtered, washed with deionized water, and dried overnight at 110 8C, yielding copper-exchanged fluorapatite as a blue powder. Copper-exchanged fluorapatite (CuFAP) was characterized by XPS, AAS and IR.…”

Section: Experimental Section Typical Procedures For Preparation Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild and Efficient Allylation of Aldehydes by using Copper Fluorapatite as Catalyst

et al. 2008

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“…[37] CaFAP (2 g) was stirred in 150 mL acetone solution of PdCl 2 A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (PhCN) 2 (2.67 10 À4 mol) at 25 8C for 3 h. The obtained slurry was filtered, washed with acetone and dried under vacuum, yielding PdFAP (Pd content: 0.023 mmol per gram). À3 mmol of Pd, and methanol (3 mL) were charged in a 10-mL round-bottom flask and stirred at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere.…”

Section: Preparation Of Palladium Fluorapatite (Pdfap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorapatite‐Supported Palladium Catalyst for Suzuki and Heck Coupling Reactions of Haloarenes

et al. 2007

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A fluorapatite-supported palladium catalyst (PdFAP) was synthesized by treatment of fluorapatite (prepared by incorporating the basic species fluoride ion into apatite in situ by co-precipitation) with bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) chloride in acetone. The catalyst displayed high catalytic activity for Suzuki coupling of aryl iodides and bromides with boronic acids at room temperature and chloroarenes at 130 8C in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide to give biaryls in excellent yields. Heck olefination of chloroarenes was also successfully carried out by this catalyst. PdFAP was recovered quantitatively by simple filtration and reused with consistent activity. PdFAP was well characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, ICP-AES, CO 2 TPD and CHN elemental analysis.

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Fluorapatite: new solid catalyst of the Knoevenagel reaction in heterogeneous media without solvent

Cited by 57 publications

References 19 publications

Mechanistic Studies of Solid Acids and Base‐Catalyzed Clean Technologies

Mechanistic Studies of Solid Acids and Base‐Catalyzed Clean Technologies

Mild and Efficient Allylation of Aldehydes by using Copper Fluorapatite as Catalyst

Fluorapatite‐Supported Palladium Catalyst for Suzuki and Heck Coupling Reactions of Haloarenes

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