Fluids Containing a Highly Branched Cyclic Dextrin Influence the Gastric Emptying Rate

Abstract

The rates of gastric emptying for highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) and other carbohydrate (CHO) solutions were examined using ultrasonograph techniques. Ten healthy volunteers ingested water, physiological saline, or solutions containing various CHO, such as HBCD, glucose, maltose, sucrose, and commercially available dextrin. After a subject drank one of the solutions, the relaxed cross-sectional area of the pylorus antrum was measured at rest by real-time ultrasonography. The time required for gastric emptying was correlated with the relaxed cross-sectional area of the pylorus antrum. Among all of the solutions tested, physiological saline was transferred fastest from the stomach to the small intestine. For solutions of the same CHO, 5 % solution was transferred faster than 10 % solution. For CHO solutions other than HBCD, a low osmotic pressure was associated with rapid transfer from the stomach. The gastric emptying time (GET) of HBCD solution increased with an increase in its concentration. A shorter GET was observed for the CHO solutions at 59 to 160 mOsm regardless of their concentration. A sports drink based on 10 % HBCD adjusted to 150 mOsm by the addition of various minerals, vitamins, and organic acids was evacuated significantly (p < 0.05) faster than a 10 % HBCD solution or a sports drink based on 10 % commercially available dextrin (DE16), which has a higher osmotic pressure (269 mOsm). Our results suggest that a shorter GET could be achieved with CHO solutions with osmotic pressures of 59 - 160 mOsm. Therefore, a sports drink based on 10 % HBCD adjusted to 150 mOsm by the addition of minerals, vitamins, and organic acids could supply adequate quantities of CHO, fluid, and minerals simultaneously in a short time, without increasing GET.

Improved Swimming Pool Achieves Higher Reproducibility and Sensitivity to Effect of Food Components as Ergogenic Aids

“…CCD is highly soluble in water and displays a relatively low propensity for retrogradation. Solutions containing CCD show rapid transfer from the stomach to the small intestine (29) and enhance maximum swimming time until fatigue (2).…”

Effects of ingesting highly branched cyclic dextrin during endurance exercise on rating of perceived exertion and blood components associated with energy metabolism

“…1) Gastric emptying time is shorter for drinks containing HBCD compared with glucose and standard dextrin due to having a much lower osmotic pressure 2) and this also results in less gastrointestinal disorders developing in humans during exercise.…”

Relevância da temperatura e do esvaziamento gástrico de líquidos consumidos por praticantes de atividade física

“…Dessa forma, o esvaziamento gás-trico é considerado um dos mais importantes fatores para determinar a disponibilidade e, portanto, a eficácia de uma bebida ingerida 10,11 . O esvaziamento gástrico é influenciado durante o exercício por vários fatores, dos quais os mais importantes são: a) conteúdo energético da solução 12 ; b) osmolaridade 13,14 ; c) volume de líquido ingerido 15,16 ; d) intensidade e tipo do exercí-cio [17][18][19] ; sendo controversa a influência do tipo de exercício 20 ; e) pH da solução 21 ; f) nível de desidratação 1 . g) temperatura do líquido 9,21 .…”

“…Dentre as técnicas não-invasivas, destacam--se a ultra-sonografia e a cintilografia, sendo esta última considerada o padrão ouro em análises clínicas desse tipo 18,22 . No entanto, o posicionamento estável que se deve assumir em testes dessa natureza torna sua aplicação durante o exercício inviável, além do risco de expor o sujeito à radiação 13 .…”

“…É outra técnica não--invasiva e tem se mostrado promissora e eficaz, quando usada em situações de exercício. Van Nieuwenhoven et al 26 , que validaram a técnica, encontraram correlação significante entre os valores Time-to-peak 13 CO 2 enrichment de esvaziamento gástrico com os resultados Gastric emptying half-time apresentados pela técnica de intubação. No entanto, o teste apresentou a desvantagem de ser influenciado pelo tempo de absorção, pela taxa de oxidação e exalação do 13 CO 2 , ou seja, é possível, com a aplicação da técnica, afirmar se o esvaziamento gástrico reduz em determinada condição, mas é ineficaz para quantificar precisamente essa redução em termos de volume 18 .…”