Fluidised bed gasification of biomasses and wastes to produce hydrogen‐rich syn‐gas – a review

Abstract

The sustainable fulfilment of world energy demand should be based on the diversification of the energetic portfolio and, at the same time, on the decrease of the use of fossil fuels in favour of renewable energy sources. This perspective review article focuses its attention on a particular source of renewable energy, i.e. biomass. As non‐fossil materials of natural origin, biomasses are formed by storing, in the noble and stable form of chemical bonds, solar energy. Gasification has been here chosen as biomass thermoconversion route: general concepts and history, chemical reactions and uses of syn‐gas, and the role of tar, are addressed. Fluidised beds are discussed as reactors to carry out biomass gasification, also considering that a new approach based on dual interconnected fluidised bed schemes can realise the concept of sorption‐enhanced gasification (to increase H2 productivity). Syn‐gas and tar characteristics are presented and, finally, an original case study concerning the fluidised bed gasification of civil and industrial sludges is presented. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Comprehensive Assessment of Thermochemical Processes for Sustainable Waste Management and Resource Recovery

“…The pressure within the gasifier can vary, with most systems operating at near atmospheric pressure or slightly elevated pressures. The residence time, or the duration that the feedstock remains within the gasifier, is carefully controlled to ensure efficient conversion and sufficient reaction time [11].…”

“…Hydrogen Production: Syngas contains a significant amount of hydrogen, which can be separated and used for hydrogen production, a critical component in various industries, such as fuel cells and chemical processes [10,11].…”

Unravelling the Role of Biochemical Compounds within the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process of Real Sludge Mixtures

“…The proportion of these components varies significantly, according to the nature of the biomass [2]. Different processes have been applied to convert biomass into energy, including anaerobic/aerobic digestion [3,4], combustion [5,6], pyrolysis [7,8], gasification [9][10][11][12] and torrefaction [13]. All of these technologies use different chemicals or energy carriers as target products and are characterised by specific requirements for the treated feedstock.…”

Introduction to the RSC Advances themed collection Chemistry in Biorefineries

“…1 Bioreneries are a realistic alternative for producing the advanced biofuels, bio-based materials, and chemicals required in a post-petroleum scenario. 2 The residual lignocellulosic biomass generated by agriculture, forestry, crop processing, and other industries is a major feedstock base for bioreneries. Biomass abundance, low cost, and composition provide the required raw materials for the sustainable development of society without depending on fossil-based resources.…”