Fluid types and their genetic meaning for the BIF-hosted iron ores, Krivoy Rog, Ukraine

Sośnicka, Marta; Bakker, Ronald J.; Broman, Curt; Pitcairn, Iain K.; Paranko, Ihor; Burlinson, Kingsley

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.12.022

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A comparison of the results from our study with other major iron ore deposits around the World reveals similarities with those of the Weld Range hypogene iron ore deposit in Australia [25], the Krivoy Rog iron ores in Ukraine [32], and the Serra Norte deposit in the province of Carajás, Brazil [7]. The general models for these deposits implied variations in the BIF-water interaction by early-stage high temperature magmatic ± metamorphic fluids, followed by mixing with low temperature basinal brines, seawater, or meteoric waters.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Bif-hosted Iron Ore Depositssupporting

confidence: 57%

Fluid Inclusion and Oxygen Isotope Characteristics of Vein Quartz Associated with the Nabeba Iron Deposit, Republic of Congo: Implications for the Enrichment of Hypogene Ores

et al. 2019

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The Nabeba iron ore deposit is located at the northern part of Congo Craton, Republic of Congo. The ore deposit consists of supergene and hypogene ores, both of which are hosted in the Precambrian Nabeba banded iron formation (BIF). This study focuses on the hypogene iron ore mineralization associated with quartz veins in the Nabeba deposit, for which two hypogene ore stages have been recognized based on geologic and petrographic observations: early-stage high‐grade hematite‐rich ore (HO‐1) and late-stage magnetite‐rich ore (HO‐2). Based on microthermometric measurements and laser Raman spectroscopy of the fluid inclusions, the H2O‐NaCl ± CO2 fluids interacting with the Nabeba BIF at the HO‐1 stage evolve from high‐to‐moderate temperatures (203–405 °C) and contrasting salinities (moderate-to-low: 1–15 wt. % NaCl equiv.; high: 30–35 wt. % NaCl equiv.) to H2O‐NaCl fluids of moderate‐to‐low temperatures (150–290 °C) and salinities (1–11 wt. % NaCl equiv.) for the HO‐2 ore stage. Assuming equilibrium oxygen isotopic exchange between quartz and water, the δ18Ofluid values range from 4.7–8.1‰ for the HO‐1 stage and −2.3‰ to −1.5‰ for the HO‐2 stage. This implies the ore‐forming fluid of initially-mixed metamorphic–magmatic origin, later replenished by seawater and/or meteoric water during the formation of the HO‐2 stage. These mixtures of different fluids, coupled with their interaction with the BIF lithology followed by phase separation, are responsible for the enrichment of hypogene iron ore in the Nabeba deposit.

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Section: Comparison With Other Bif-hosted Iron Ore Depositssupporting

confidence: 57%

Fluid Inclusion and Oxygen Isotope Characteristics of Vein Quartz Associated with the Nabeba Iron Deposit, Republic of Congo: Implications for the Enrichment of Hypogene Ores

et al. 2019

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“…The iron ores from the BIFs have been formed due to enrichment of BHJ and ferruginous shale by gradual removal of silica under continuous leaching process [9,13]. The enrichment of BIFs was mainly facilitated by a complex interaction of BIFs with carbonic-rich and low salinity aqueous fluids of metamorphic origin and high salinity fluids of hydrothermal-magmatic origin [25][26][27]. The variation in the iron ore mineralogy is caused by the variation in depositional environment; structural setting and lithological attributes.…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological Controls on High-Grade Iron Ores from Kiriburu-Meghahatuburu Iron Ore Deposit, Singhbhum-Orissa Craton, Eastern India

et al. 2017

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Numerous iron ore deposits are hosted within the Meso to Neo-Archean banded iron formations (BIFs) extending across the Singhbhum-Orissa Craton, eastern India. Despite the widespread distribution of BIFs, which forms part of the iron ore group (IOG), heterogeneity in their grade and mineral composition is occasionally observed even within a single ore deposit. Kiriburu-Meghahatuburu iron ore deposit (KMIOD), west Singhbhum district, Jharkhand, eastern India is characterized by a dominant hematite (often martitized) occurrence with a total resource of >150 million tonnes (MT) at 62.85 wt % Fe. Very high-grade blue dust ore (friable and powdery hematitewith~67% Fe), high-grade massive, hard laminated hematitic ores (~66% Fe) and medium to low grade goethitic/lateritic ores (50%-60% Fe) are the common iron-ore lithologies in KMIOD. These ores can be distinguished in the field from their physical appearance, meso-scale texture and spatial occurrences with the host rocks along with the variation in chemical composition. The high-grade ores are characterized by high Fe (>62 wt %), low Al 2 O 3 (1.5-2.5 wt %), low SiO 2 (2.0-4.5 wt %) and low P (<0.06 wt %). Detailed field studies and laboratory investigations on the ore mineral assemblages suggest that the mineralization of high-grade iron ores at KMIOD is controlled by three major parameters, i.e., lithological, paleoclimatic and structural controls. High-grade iron ores such as blue dust seem to be formed during leaching processes through inter-bedded ferruginous shale and banded hematite jasper (BHJ) occurring within BIFs. Structural elements such as folds, joint network, fracture arrays, local faults and steeply dipping bedding planes are surmised as strong controls for the evolution of different iron ore types from the BHJ. Most of the high-grade ores are concentrated at the hinge portions of second generation folds (F 2) owing to the easy access for circulation of meteoric solution along the fractures developed due to release of stresses at the hinge portions aided by supergene ore enrichment processes. The BHJ and interbedded ferruginous shale seem to have been given a significant contribution for the formation of different grades of iron ores over the area. Lithologically, the BIFs are governed by rheological features providing channel ways in the ore enrichment process. The variation in the iron ore mineralogy is caused by the variation in depositional and paleoclimatic environment, structural setting and lithological attributes. Hence, these parameters could be used for future exploration and grade recovery of iron ore resources in the region and in the adjoining areas.

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“…The traditional classification of BIFs, based on the tectonic environments and the associated rocks, distinguishes Algoma, Superior and Rapitan types (Hagemann et al, 2016). While their genesis and evolution are still subjects of controversy and remain not entirely comprehended, according to Sośnicka et al, (2015), scientific research on BIFs has experienced significant growth on a worldwide scale in recent times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Banded Iron Formations in Congo: A Review

Mavoungou,

Bolarinwa,

Watha-Ndoudy

et al. 2023

Econ. Environ. Geol.

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In the Republic of Congo, Banded iron formations (BIFs) occur in two areas: the Chaillu Massif and the Ivindo Basement Complex, which are segments of the Archean Congo craton outcropping in the northwestern and southwestern parts of the country. They show interesting potential with significant mineral resources reaching 2 Bt and grades up to 60% Fe. BIFs consist mostly of oxide-rich facies (hematite/magnetite), but carbonate-rich facies are also highlighted. They are found across the country within the similar geological sequences composed of amphibolites, gneisses and greenschists. The Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized patterns of BIFs show enrichment in elements such as SiO

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Fluid types and their genetic meaning for the BIF-hosted iron ores, Krivoy Rog, Ukraine

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Fluid Inclusion and Oxygen Isotope Characteristics of Vein Quartz Associated with the Nabeba Iron Deposit, Republic of Congo: Implications for the Enrichment of Hypogene Ores

Fluid Inclusion and Oxygen Isotope Characteristics of Vein Quartz Associated with the Nabeba Iron Deposit, Republic of Congo: Implications for the Enrichment of Hypogene Ores

Geological Controls on High-Grade Iron Ores from Kiriburu-Meghahatuburu Iron Ore Deposit, Singhbhum-Orissa Craton, Eastern India

Banded Iron Formations in Congo: A Review

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