Fluid transport via pneumatically actuated waves on a ciliated wall

Rockenbach, Alexander; Mikulich, V.; Brücker, Christoph; Schnakenberg, Uwe

doi:10.1088/0960-1317/25/12/125009

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Similarly, in [11,13], it is stated that the coordinated beating of cilia is particularity effective at maintaining a more directed surface propulsion. It has been also shown that the propulsive effect of a system of pneumatically controlled flexible oscillators is strongly affected by their phase relationships [44]. Accordingly, we suggest that the metachronal coordination of a system of individual oscillators can result in collective propulsion if the oscillators are brought together in a sufficientlyviscous environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Simulation of self-coordination in a row of beating flexible flaplets for micro-swimmer applications: Model and experiment study

Elshalakani

Brücker

2020

Journal of Fluids and Structures

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In this study we present a model that simulates hydrodynamic self-coordination in a row of flexible flaplets. We control the flaplets in order that their tips follow a fixed-amplitude oscillatory motion profile. When brought together at a low Reynolds-number environment, the flaplets interact with each other in the form of bending deflections at their tips, which causes the frequency of the individual oscillations to vary until a coordinated steady state is reached. The model design steps are experimentally verified and the coordination results of both the experiment and the model are compared. The model's internal states are then analysed for a better understanding of the synchronization collective effect. The coordination of the flaplets is found to settle in the direction of propulsion forces ascent. The stability of the resulted synchronization and propulsion forces are examined over long periods. The model is meant to be simplified and mostly linear so that it can be utilized for state forecasting in a real-time control application of a swimmer robot. Finally, we experimentally study the propulsion performance of five beating flaplets that follow prescribed oscillation profiles forming a metachronal wave. The flow results show that the flaplets, that beat in coordination, are efficient at generating a uni-directional steady-streaming transport of the fluid at their surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Simulation of self-coordination in a row of beating flexible flaplets for micro-swimmer applications: Model and experiment study

Elshalakani

Brücker

2020

Journal of Fluids and Structures

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“…They experimentally proved the concept by employing their ciliabased micromixer to improve bioreaction efficiency of a biotin-avidin assay and a DNA hybridization assay [92]. Pressure-induced actuation of cilia with pneumatically actuated waves underneath a ciliated wall [93] and with pneumatic pipes directly integrated into the cilia [94] have recently been reported. In the latter case the cilia-like actuators have relatively large dimensions, 1 mm diameter and 8 mm length, but the fluid speeds measured reached correspondingly large values in the order of 19 mm/s.…”

Section: Microstructures Based On Pdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Hilber

2016

Appl. Phys. A

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Microfluidic devices have not yet evolved into commercial off-the-shelf products. Although highly integrated microfluidic structures, also known as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micrototal-analysis-system (lTAS) devices, have consistently been predicted to revolutionize biomedical assays and chemical synthesis, they have not entered the market as expected. Studies have identified a lack of standardization and integration as the main obstacles to commercial breakthrough. Soft microfluidics, the utilization of a broad spectrum of soft materials (i.e., polymers) for realization of microfluidic components, will make a significant contribution to the proclaimed growth of the LOC market. Recent advances in polymer science developing novel stimulus-active soft-matter materials may further increase the popularity and spreading of soft microfluidics. Stimulus-active polymers and composite materials change shape or exert mechanical force on surrounding fluids in response to electric, magnetic, light, thermal, or water/solvent stimuli. Specifically devised actuators based on these materials may have the potential to facilitate integration significantly and hence increase the operational advantage for the end-user while retaining costeffectiveness and ease of fabrication. This review gives an overview of available actuation concepts that are based on functional polymers and points out promising concepts and trends that may have the potential to promote the commercial success of microfluidics.

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“…The vast majority of artificial cilia consist of microactuators that are incorporated in silicone rubber pillars or plate‐like flexible structures in order to mimic the biological hair‐like design. Current actuation methods include electric fields, magnetic fields, vibrations, mechanical forces, or pressurized fluids . However, asymmetric motion remains the most challenging feature to mimic in artificial cilia systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Soft Cilia with Asymmetric Beating Patterns for Biomimetic Low‐Reynolds‐Number Fluid Propulsion

Milana

Gorissen

Peerlinck

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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In nature, liquid propulsion in low-Reynolds-number regimes is often achieved by arrays of beating cilia with various forms of motion asymmetry. In particular, spatial asymmetry, where the cilia follow a different trajectory in their effective and recovery strokes, is an efficient way of generating flow in low Reynolds regimes. However, this type of asymmetry is difficult to mimic and control artificially. In this paper, an artificial soft cilium that comprises two pneumatic actuators that can be controlled individually is developed. These two independent degrees of freedom allow for the first time adjustment and study of spatial asymmetry in the cilium's beating pattern. Using low-Reynolds-number flow measurements, it is confirmed that spatial asymmetry allows for the generation of fluid propulsion. These twodegree-of-freedom soft cilia provide a platform to study ciliary fluid transport mechanisms and to mimic biologic viscous propulsion.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201900462. of a single cilium as well as for whole cilia arrays. For a single cilium, orientational, temporal, and spatial asymmetry can be distinguished, [6] where the latter has the highest impact on low Reynolds fluid propulsion. Spatial asymmetry, where the cilium tip describes a different path during the effective and recovery stroke, is quantified by the swept area; the larger the area, the higher the net flow. [7] At the array level, an additional type of asymmetry has been observed, metachronal asymmetry, which is characterized by a phase difference between neighboring cilia [8] that gives rise to a global wave-like movement.With the development of microsystem technology, artificial cilia can now be fabricated and are foreseen to find applications in microrobotic devices, such as microswimmers, [9,10] microsensors, [11] micropumps, [12][13][14] and micromixers. [15][16][17][18] The vast majority of artificial cilia consist of microactuators that are incorporated in silicone rubber pillars or plate-like flexible structures in order to mimic the biological hair-like design. Current actuation methods include electric fields, [15] magnetic fields, [19][20][21][22][23] vibrations, [24,25] mechanical forces, [26] or pressurized fluids. [27,28] However, asymmetric motion remains the most challenging feature to mimic in artificial cilia systems. In nature, nonreciprocal beating is achieved by a change in bending stiffness between the effective and recovery stroke: [29] A higher stiffness is observed during the fast effective stroke, where the cilium does not deform significantly, whereas in the slower recovery phase the cilium has a lower stiffness and tends to be deformed by the drag forces. To mimic such an asymmetric motion, the artificial cilium needs at least two deformation modes that need to be sequentially addressed. This can be achieved through elastic instabilities, [7] the interaction between elastic, viscous, and actuation forces, [26,30] or a multise...

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Fluid transport via pneumatically actuated waves on a ciliated wall

Abstract: This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Simulation of self-coordination in a row of beating flexible flaplets for micro-swimmer applications: Model and experiment study

Simulation of self-coordination in a row of beating flexible flaplets for micro-swimmer applications: Model and experiment study

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Artificial Soft Cilia with Asymmetric Beating Patterns for Biomimetic Low‐Reynolds‐Number Fluid Propulsion

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