“…Based on the study of Probstein (2005), electrokinetic effects were initially described by Reuss (1809) in 1809, followed by fundamental studies of Von Helmholtz (1879) on EDL theory that relied on electrical and flow parameters for electrokinetic transport (Probstein, 2005). Regarding experimental studies and numerical simulation, Molho et al (1998) presented results for electrokinetic flows in microchannels, focusing on microfluidic applications, according to which Joule thermal effects and changes associated with the viscosity of fluid were demonstrated as secondary effects and compared with the pressure gradient of cocurrent flow. On the other hand, the analytical and experimental solution is an attractive field of study whose outcomes are most accurate and reliable (Norouzi et al, 2019a(Norouzi et al, , 2019b(Norouzi et al, , 2021Emamian et al, 2021;Norouzi et al, 2019aNorouzi et al, , 2019b.…”