Fluid therapy for renal failure

Fielding, C. Langdon

doi:10.1002/9781118928189.ch14

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Some horses in the group with elevated creatinine had low NGAL concentrations (Figure ), and the correlation between NGAL and creatinine concentrations was moderate (Figure ). These findings could reflect the differences in pathogenic mechanisms leading to increases in the concentration of these two markers, the different response patterns of the two markers, and/or the modest creatinine levels in the group with suspected kidney injury (while we used 130 µmol/L to indicate renal issues, others have suggested that kidney injury is not present in horses until creatinine concentrations reach 170 µmol/L). Much more knowledge about NGAL expression in equine health and disease is, however, required before the relationship between NGAL and creatinine concentrations is clear and before the protein can be used as a biomarker in equine medicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an ELISA for detection of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) in equine serum

Jacobsen

Berg

Tvermose

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been shown to be a useful marker of kidney injury in people and dogs, but has not been described in horses. Objectives:The aim of the study was to validate a commercially available porcinespecific ELISA to measure serum concentrations of equine NGAL.Methods: Intra-and interassay imprecisions were evaluated by multiple measurements on equine serum pools. Assay inaccuracy was determined by the linearity under dilution. Overlapping performance was assessed by measuring NGAL concentrations in horses with normal and elevated serum creatinine levels.Results: Intra-and interassay imprecision (coefficient of variation) ranged from 5.35% to 28.39%. The ELISA showed no signs of inaccuracy. Overlapping performance was acceptable, as the assay was able to detect the expected differences of NGAL levels in horses with normal and elevated serum creatinine concentrations. Conclusions:Equine serum NGAL concentrations could be quantified reliably using the porcine-specific ELISA.| 603 monitoring tool in patients with kidney injury. 10 Diagnostic use of NGAL has not been described in horses.The aim of this study was to validate a commercially available, porcine-specific ELISA for measurements of NGAL in equine serum by investigating (a) assay characteristics (imprecision, inaccuracy, and detection limit [DL]), and (b) the ability of the assay to detect the expected differences in NGAL levels between the two selected equine populations, one with elevated and one with normal serum creatinine concentrations. | MATERIALS AND METHODS | The NGAL assayThe assay, a commercially available ELISA (porcine NGAL ELISA kit, cat. no. KIT 044; Bioporto, Hellerup, Denmark) developed for measuring NGAL concentrations in porcine urine, plasma, serum, tissue extracts, and culture media was used for heterologous NGAL determination in equine serum samples.The analyses were performed using a Multiskan EX plate reader (Thermo Electron Corporation, Hvidovre, Denmark) supported with the Ascent software, Version 2.6 for the iEMS Reader MF according to the manufacturer's instructions. Absorbance was read at 450/ 620 nm. All samples were run in duplicate. The calibration curve was made using the calibrator supplied with the kit and fitted with a four-parameter logistic curve using the freely available software at www.myassays.com. When optical density values were outside the calibration curve, samples were further diluted and reanalyzed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an ELISA for detection of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) in equine serum

Jacobsen

Berg

Tvermose

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…24 This finding, and the example of Horse It is important to note that creatinine concentration may have decreased with continued IV fluid therapy in this case. 25,26 Necropsy findings were consistent with both NSAID and bisphosphonateinduced kidney injury. NSAID nephrotoxicity has been described in multiple mammalian species and arises due to the downstream effects of cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition resulting in decreased production of prostanoids, which are responsible for regulation of renal blood flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Euthanasia of Horse 1 was elected due to minimal improvement in clinical condition or serum creatinine after 48 hours of IV fluid therapy. It is important to note that creatinine concentration may have decreased with continued IV fluid therapy in this case 25,26 . Necropsy findings were consistent with both NSAID and bisphosphonate‐induced kidney injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Retrospective evaluation of acute kidney injury in horses treated with nonnitrogenous bisphosphonates (2013–2020): 8 cases

Edwards,

Magdesian

2023

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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ObjectiveTo describe a population of horses with acute kidney injury (AKI) following administration of bisphosphonates including clinical signs, clinicopathologic data, treatment, and outcome.DesignRetrospective study from August 2013 to July 2020.SettingVeterinary university teaching hospital.AnimalsEight adult horses with AKI following administration of nonnitrogenous bisphosphonates.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsFive horses received intramuscular clodronate (5/8; 62.5%) and 3 horses received intravenous tiludronate (3/8; 37.5%). Six horses (6/8; 75%) received concurrent nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The most common initial presenting complaint was poor appetite (6/8; 75%), followed by abnormal urination (2/8; 25%). At the time of initial evaluation, the mean serum or plasma creatinine was 451.72 ± 190.06 μmol/L (5.11 ± 2.15 mg/dL) and BUN was 18.84 ± 8.85 mmol/L (52.75 ± 24.77 mg/dL). Five horses (5/6; 83.3%) had either an increased number of red blood cells (n = 4) or hemoprotein (n = 1) in the urine. All horses were treated with IV isotonic, balanced crystalloids either as a bolus, continuous rate infusion, or a combination of the 2. Seven horses (7/8; 87.5%) survived the initial episode of AKI and 1 horse (1/8; 12.5%) was euthanized. Of the 7 surviving horses, 2 horses (2/7; 28.5%) went on to develop chronic renal dysfunction. Warmblood breeds were overrepresented in the AKI group (P = 0.008; odds ratio: 11.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–72.1), when compared to horses that received bisphosphonates during the study period and did not develop AKI.ConclusionsBisphosphonate administration, with or without concurrent nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, can be associated with AKI in horses. Serum creatinine should be monitored prior to and following bisphosphonate treatment to minimize this risk. Further evaluation of renal function is warranted in horses that develop clinical signs of poor appetite, lethargy, or altered urination in the days following bisphosphonate treatment.

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Chronic kidney disease in adult horses: causes, diagnosis and management

Gough

McGovern

2021

UK-Vet Equine

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Chronic kidney disease is a rare disease in horses, unlike humans and companion animals where it is frequently encountered. There are multiple causes, although, since the disease typically presents late in the disease process, the instigating factor is often not ascertained. Clinical signs most commonly include weight loss, ventral oedema and polyuria-polydipsia. There is a need for more sensitive markers of renal damage or dysfunction so that the disease can be detected earlier in its course. Serum symmetric dimethylarginine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin are potential biomarkers that are being investigated in this regard. Currently, once the diagnosis has been made, treatment is supportive only, with no options to halt the progression of the disease. Although this is a terminal condition, horses can be maintained with an adequate quality of life for several years after diagnosis in some cases.

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Fluid therapy for renal failure

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Validation of an ELISA for detection of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) in equine serum

Validation of an ELISA for detection of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) in equine serum

Retrospective evaluation of acute kidney injury in horses treated with nonnitrogenous bisphosphonates (2013–2020): 8 cases

Chronic kidney disease in adult horses: causes, diagnosis and management

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